Research
Activities
| Genome & Populations, UPR9060 CNRS, University
Montpellier II, Montpellier, France. |
| Contact person (name and e-mail): |
| Persons working on brown trout
population genetics: |
| Didier Aurelle, Patrick Berrebi, Anne Chenuil |
| General research topics of the
laboratory: |
| Genetic population structure, conservation and
management, phylogeography. |
| General description of research on
brown trout population genetics: |
| In our laboratory, we analyse the natural structure of
populations and their evolution, including their organisation in space and time, their
genetic disequilibria due to natural or human causes. We concentrate on southern
populations of France including Corsica, Mediterranean and Atlantic basins. However, as
French rivers have nearly all been intensively stocked for at least half a century, the
domestic form of brown trout is always present. The distinction between domestic and
natural alleles is the most important requirement in order to be able to analyse the
natural evolution. Moreover, the study of genetic interactions between these different
forms presents a theoretical interest. On the other hand, analysing stocking impact gives
an important by-product which permits collaboration with the rivers managers. Biogeography
is also an important field of research to link local peculiarities to species evolution at
a continental scale. Allozymes are the basic marker which was applied to all our samples
and is used as a logical link among all the programs. Microsatellites and mtDNA markers
are used when necessary: the first for local acute analyses of populations, the second for
biogeography or for distinguishing between male/female participation in reproduction. |
| List of projects (brown trout) for
the past 3 years: |
 Study #1 |
| Researcher: |
Dominique Beaudou (thesis student), Chantal Poteaux
(thesis student), Patrick Berrebi (supervisor), Francois Bonhomme (co-supervisor) |
| Collaborators: |
Rene Guyomard |
| Source of project
funding: |
EC program (1993-1996) and local grants. |
| Topic: |
Stocking effects and efficiency, introgression, gene diversity and
gene flow, temporal variation. |
| Objective: |
It was the first analysis of natural Mediterranean populations with
estimation of genetic structure along a small river (the Orb) near Montpellier, in terms
of upstream/downstream, tributary/main river and time organisation. Stocking effect was
one of the structuring parameter. |
| Design: |
Two tributaries and the main river, two periods of sampling (1991
and 1993), local fishfarm stocks analysed as reference, three molecular markers, most
often analysed on the same individuals : the data permitted a good understanding of the
populationnal mechanism and the stocking disturbance assessment. |
| Methodology: |
Allozymes, mtDNA RFLP, microsatellites. |
| Trout population: |
Hatchery stocks and resident populations. |
| Origin of samples: |
France, Mediterranean Basin. |
| Status: |
Started 1989 and completed in 1996. |
| Study #2 |
| Researcher: |
Patrick Berrebi |
| Collaborators: |
Alain Crivelli (Tour-du-Valat foundation, France), Jean
Francois Rubin (Switzerland), Dusan Jesensek (Tolmin manager, Slovenia), Meta Povz
(Ljubljana Institute of Fisheries, Slovenia) |
| Source of project
funding: |
EC grant managed by A.C. |
| Topic: |
Stocking effects and introgression, genetic monitoring, gene
diversity and gene flow, natural hybridisation, temporal variation. |
| Objective: |
First phase: description
of the genetic composition of trout of Soca River in Slovenia (Isonzo in Italy) which is
composed of the autochtone marble trout populations (S. marmoratus), the natural
(Danube tributaries capture) and stocked Mediterranean S. trutta and the stocked
Atlantic S. trutta. This include the research of pure marble trout populations.
Second phase: re-introduction of the marble trout to
reduce the foreign alleles proportion and try to restore natural wild populations.
Experimentations with genetic controls. |
| Design: |
Based on allozymes (phase 1), 7 pure populations of marble trout
have been found which is now the basis of a fish farm train to be used for rehabilitation.
|
| Methodology: |
Allozymes, microsatellites. |
| Trout population: |
Hatchery stocks, resident populations. |
| Origin of samples: |
Adriatic Sea Basin (Slovenia). |
| Status: |
Project started in 1993, phase 1 completed in 1996, phase 2 to be
completed in 2005. |
| Study #3 |
| Researcher: |
Didier Aurelle, Patrick Berrebi |
| Collaborators: |
Philippe Baran and Jean Marc Lascaux (ENSAT ecologists,
Toulouse-France), Daniel Chessel (statistician, Lyon-France), Sovan Lek (statistician,
Toulouse) |
| Source of project
funding: |
Local and national rivers managers in the Pyrenees and EC grants. |
| Topic: |
Stocking effects and efficiency, introgression, gene diversity and
gene flow. |
| Objective: |
The Pyrenees are a very important area for the study of trout
evolution: at the limit between the modern and ancestral Atlantic forms, joining the
Mediterranean form and the Atlantic two forms. The objective is to describe the
populations distribution (micro-biogeography), the natural and artificial introgressions
because the domestic trout can be considered as the fourth taxon involved. |
| Design: |
The main difficulty to solve was the calibration of the
microsatellite marker. To take into account the homoplasy, statistical methods as
multidimensional analyses and neural networks. |
| Methodology: |
Microsatellites, allozymes, mtDNA RFLP. |
| Trout population: |
Hatchery stocks, resident and anadromous populations. |
| Origin of samples: |
Atlantic Basin, France. |
| Status: |
Ancient collaboration (1991-1995), it correspond now to the thesis
of D. Aurelle (1995-1999). |
| Study #4 |
| Researcher: |
Marion Jacolin (training stage 1998), Didier Aurelle,
Patrick Berrebi |
| Collaborators: |
Louis Bernatchez |
| Source of project
funding: |
Local river managers grants and EC |
| Topic: |
Phylogeography, stocking efficiency. |
| Objective: |
We prepare a geographic map of the genetic composition of a lot of
southern France populations from the Pyrenees to the Alps mountains. Foreign populations
are used as outgroups. Phylogenetic trees are reconstructed. |
| Design: |
The allozymic data are yet available due to the project 5
by-products. Four main groups are found: modern Atlantic (north), ancestral Atlantic
(south), Mediterranean and Corsican. The marble trout, used as outgroup, is in fact close
to the Mediterranean. The mtDNA geographic map and phylogrammes are in project. |
| Methodology: |
Allozymes, mtDNA sequencing (D-loop). |
| Trout population: |
Hatchery stocks, resident populations. |
| Origin of samples: |
Mainly France: North Sea Basin and Mediterranean Sea Basin and
Slovenia/Italy, Adriatic Sea Basin. |
| Status: |
Began with the project 5 in 1989, the second phase (mtDNA) is
beginning with the training stage of Marion Jacolin. |
| Study #5 |
| Researcher: |
Patrick Berrebi |
| Source of project
funding: |
Commercial commands |
| Topic: |
Stocking effects and efficiency. |
| Objective: |
Answer to managers questions as research of pure wild populations
and assessment of stocking efficiency. |
| Design: |
Stocking is generally inefficient and genetic analyses often
designate the populations wild enough for an effort of preservation. Nevertheless,
locally, some stations are strongly introgressed and some are pure domestic populations in
nature. The numerous analyses are used for the study 4. |
| Methodology: |
Allozymes, mtDNA RFLP. |
| Trout population: |
Hatchery stocks, resident populations. |
| Origin of samples: |
Atlantic Basin and Mediterranean Sea Basin (France). |
| Status: |
The analyses for management purposes started from 1990 up to now and
will continue... |
Publications (brown trout genetics)
 Journal
papers:
- Aurelle, D., and P. Berrebi. (1998). Microsatellite markers and management of brown
trout Salmo trutta fario populations in south-western France. Gén.Sél. Evol.
in press.
- Beaudou, D., G. Cattanéo-Berrebi, and P. Berrebi (1994). Impacts génétiques des
repeuplements en truites communes (Salmo trutta L.) sur les populations en place :
cas du bassin de l'Orb (Hérault). Bulletin Français de Pêche et de Pisciculture
332, 83-92.
- Berrebi, P. (1997). Génétique et pêche de loisir. T.O.S. 181, 6-11.
- Berrebi, P. (1997). Introduction d'espèces dans les milieux aquatiques d'eau douce: les
impacts génétiques. Bulletin Français de Peche et Pisciculture 344/345, 471-487.
- Berrebi, P. (1997). Les souches locales de truites fario - Le point sur la question. T.O.S.
182: 4-8.
- Berrebi, P., and D. Beaudou. (1991). Le génétique des populations appliquée à la
truite fario. Pages 5-19. Journée technique internationale "Truite commune
pyrénéenne". Génétique et repeuplement. Communauté de Travail des
Pyrénées, Oronoz (Navarre, Espagne).
- Poteaux, C., D. Beaudou, and P. Berrebi. (1998). Temporal variations of genetic
introgression in stocked brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations. J. Fish
Biol. in press.
- Poteaux, C., and P. Berrebi (1997). Intégrité génomique et repeuplements chez la
truite commune du versant méditerranéen. Bulletin Français de Peche et Pisciculture
344/345, 309-322.
- Poteaux, C., F. Bonhomme, and P. Berrebi (1998). Differences between nuclear and
mitochondrial introgressions of brown trout populations from a restocked main river and
its unrestocked tributary. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, in press
Technical Reports:
- Belaud, A., and P. Berrebi. 1992. Etude des truites sauvages des Pyrénées, Toulouse.
- Berrebi, P. 1995. Analyse génétique de 29 truites du lac d'Annecy. Pages 5p.
Université Montpellier II.
- Berrebi, P. 1995. Analyse génétique des truites de Slovénie. Rapport final. Pages 13.
Université Montpellier II, Montpellier.
- Berrebi, P. 1995. Analyse génétique des truites fario des rivières
méditerranéennes des Pyrénées françaises; marqueurs enzymatiques. Rapport de
synthèse 1995. Pages 17. Université Montpellier II, Montpellier.
- Berrebi, P. 1995. Etude génétique des truites de Corse. Rapport final 1995. Pages 36.
Université Montpellier II.
- Berrebi, P. 1995. Etude génétique des truites des affluents du Haut Hérault : Vis,
Brèze, Laurounet, Lergue et Soulondre. Rapport technique. Pages 7. Université
Montpellier II.
- Berrebi, P. 1995. Etude génétique des truites fario de la Sorgue. Rapport
final. Pages 8. Université Montpellier II, Montpellier.
- Berrebi, P. 1995. Nouveaux marqueurs génétiques et gestion de la truite fario. Rapport
1994. Pages 32p. Université Montpellier II.
- Berrebi, P. 1996. Analyses allozymiques des truites corses dans le cadre du protocole
n°1165 du CSP (8° délégation) : Etude de deux cours d'eau corses dévastés par les
crues : la Solenzara et l'Ortolo. Suivi de la recolonisation par les populations de
truite. Rapport décembre 1996. Université Montpellier II.
- Berrebi, P. 1996. Nouveaux marqueurs génétiques et gestion de la truite fario.
Raport final 1996. Pages 17p. Université Montpellier II.
- Berrebi, P. 1997. Analyse enzymatique des truites du bassin de l'Aude. Université
Montpellier II, Montpellier.
- Berrebi, P. 1997. Application des marqueurs microsatellitaires aux populations de
truites des Pyrénées - Rapport de l'année 1996. Université Montpellier II.
- Berrebi, P. 1997. Biodiversité génétique des truites fario des bassins de
l'Adour, la nivelle et l'Untxin - Marqueurs allozymiques - Rapport de janvier 1997.
Université Montpellier II.
- Berrebi, P. 1997. Truite fario pyrénéenne - Cartographie génétique de la
biodiversité naturelle - Analyse allozymique et microsatellitaire des peuplements des
Pyrénées Atlantiques - Rapport final 1995-1996. Université Montpellier II.
- Berrebi, P., D. Aurelle, and M. Weber. 1998. Application des marqueurs
microsatellitaires aux populations de truites des Pyrénées - Rapport de janvier 1998.
Université Montpellier II.
- Povz, M., D. Jesensek, P. Berrebi, and A. J. Crivelli. 1996. The Marble trout, Salmo
trutta marmoratus, Cuvier 1817 in the Soca River basin, Slovenia. Tour du Valat
Publication.
Theses (eg, PhD and MSc theses):
- Aurelle, D. 1996. Différenciation génétique chez la truite commune (Salmo trutta
fario L.) des Pyrénées-Atlantiques. Apport des microsatellites. Pages 50. DEA thesis
Montpellier II.
- Beaudou, D., 1993. Impact des déversements de truites domestiques dans les populations
naturelles de truites communes (Salmo trutta fario). Etude dynamique et
génétique. Cas du bassin de l’Orb (Hérault).
- Poteaux, C. 1992. Devenir des alevins de truite commune (Salmo trutta fario L.)
déversés expérimentalement dans la tes (affluent de l'Orb). Etude dynamique et
génétique. DEA Thesis Université de Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du
Languedoc.
- Poteaux, C. 1995. Interactions génétiques entre formes sauvages et formes domestiques
chez la truite commune (Salmo trutta fario L.). Pages 110p. thesis Université
Montpellier II, Montpellier.
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