Research
Activities
| Laboratoire de génétique des poissons, Département
d’Hydrobiologie et Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. |
| Contact person (name and e-mail): |
| Persons working on brown trout
population genetics: |
| R. Guyomard, F. Krieg, X. Rognon, A. Estoup, B. Angers.
Also involved in brown trout: K. Gharbi and M. Andriamanga (Gene Mapping), B. Chevassus
(Quantitative Genetics). |
| General research topics of the
laboratory: |
| Phylogeography, conservation and management, genetic
population structure, reproduction biology, quantitative genetics and gene mapping. |
| General description of research on
brown trout population genetics: |
| The laboratory of fish genetics comprises 19 permanent
researchers, technicians and administratives. It has been involved for 20 years in
population and evolutionary genetics, quantitative genetics, experimental cytogenetics and
gene transfert. Species of interest are primarly salmonids, but also tilapias, catfish
and marine fish. Our research activity has applied objectives: (1) conservation and
management of natural populations (2) monitoring of genetic variation and selective
breeding in domesticated stocks. Most of the population genetics work has been devoted to
brown trout. |
| List of projects (brown trout) for
the past 3 years: |
 Study #1 |
| Researcher: |
Pablo Presa-Martinez (Ph D student), Arnaud Estoup and
René Guyomard |
| Source of project
funding: |
European Communities, Bureau des Ressources Génétiques. |
| Topic: |
Phylogeography, gene diversity and gene flow. |
| Objective: |
To study macrogeographic variation of microsatellites loci in brown
trout across its native range. |
| Design: |
Samples from many remote localities have been analysed with ten
microsatellite loci. Different computations have done to evaluate the sampling strategy.
This work is related to a similar work done with isozymes and mtDNA. |
| Methodology: |
Microsatellites. |
| Trout population: |
Hatchery stocks, resident and anadromous populations. |
| Origin of samples: |
Atlantic Basin, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Aral and
Euphrate. |
| Status: |
Almost completed. |
| Study #2 |
| Researcher: |
Carlo R. Largiadèr |
| Collaborators: |
René Guyomard and Arnaud Estoup, Laboratoire de
Génétique des Poissons, INRA, F- 78352 Jouy-en-Josas (France). Alexis Champignuelle;
Station d'Hydrobiologie Lacustre, INRA, F-74203 Thonon-les-Bains (France). |
| Source of project
funding: |
Bureau National des Ressources Génétiques (France), Swiss National
Science Foundation & in house. |
| Topic: |
Reproduction biology. |
| Objective: |
To study polyandry, intraspecific redd superimposition and
assortative mating between native and introduced trout. |
| Design: |
Polyandrous redds were detected and analysed based on the genotype
composition of egg samples and on the corresponding maternal genotype. Redd
superimposition and assortative mating between native and introduced trout were assessed
by analysing the distribution of egg-genotypes within and among a large number of redds,
respectively. |
| Methodology: |
Microsatellites, mtDNA RFLP. |
| Trout population: |
Resident populations. |
| Origin of samples: |
France, Mediterranean Sea Basin. |
| Status: |
Started in 1995 during C.R.L.'s postdoctoral stay at the Laboratoire
de Génétique des Poissons (INRA) in Jouy-en-Josas (France). |
| Study #3 |
| Researcher: |
Carlo R. Largiadèr. |
| Collaborators: |
René Guyomard and Arnaud Estoup, Laboratoire de
Génétique des Poissons, INRA, F- 78352 Jouy-en-Josas (France). Alexis Champigneulle;
Station d'Hydrobiologie Lacustre, INRA, F-74203, Thonon-les-Bains (France). |
| Source of project
funding: |
Swiss National Science Foundation & in house (INRA and
University of Bern). |
| Topic: |
Stocking effects and introgression. |
| Objective: |
To study cytonuclear introgression patterns on a microgeographic
scale in a stocked population. |
| Design: |
A small creek (2.5km) was divided into 14 sectors of about equal
length and trout samples from each sector and three reference samples from the main river
were genetically analysed and compared. |
| Methodology: |
Microsatellites, mtDNA RFLP. |
| Trout population: |
Resident population. |
| Origin of samples: |
France, Mediterranean Sea Basin. |
| Status: |
Started in 1995 during C.R.L.s postdoctoral stay at the Laboratoire
de Génétique des Poissons (INRA) in Jouy-en-Josas (France) and will be completed in
1998. |
| Study #4 |
| Researcher: |
Arnaud Estoup, René Guyomard |
| Collaborators: |
Carlo Largiader (University of Berne), Jean-Marie Cornuet (INRA) |
| Source of project
funding: |
Bureau des Ressources Génétiques. |
| Topic: |
Stocking effects and efficiency. |
| Objective: |
To develop and validate molecular markers to assess accurately
introgression between domesticated and native populations. |
| Design: |
Development of specific microsatellite markers; experimal and
theoretical validation. |
| Methodology: |
Microsatellites. |
| Trout population: |
Hatchery stocks and resident populations. |
| Origin of samples: |
France, Mediterranean Sea Basin. |
| Status: |
Almost completed. |
| Study #5 |
| Researcher: |
Karim Gharbi (Ph D student), René Guyomard |
| Collaborators: |
Borjn Hoyheim (Norvegian College of Veterinary Medecine), Lars-Erik
Holm (Danish Institute of Animal Sciences), Richard Powell (University of Galway), John
Taggart (University of Stirling), Roy Danzman (University of Guelph) |
| Source of project
funding: |
European Communities (FAIR Programme). |
| Topic: |
Quantitative genetics and gene mapping. |
| Objective: |
Development of low density genetic maps and Comparative mapping
between three salmonid species (Atlantic salmon, Rainbow trout and Brown trout). |
| Design: |
Isolation and characterisation of microsatellite markers, generation
of segregation data in reference families and linkage analysis. |
| Methodology: |
Microsatellites. |
| Trout population: |
Hatchery and resident populations. |
| Origin of samples: |
Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea Basins. |
| Status: |
Ongoing. |
| Study #6 |
| Researcher: |
Agostinho Antunes (PhD. Student), Paulo Alexandrino
(supervisor) |
| Collaborators: |
René Guyomard (co-supervisor) |
| Source of project
funding: |
MCT, Portugal, INRA. |
| Topic: |
Phylogeography. |
| Objective: |
Study of the phylogeny and genetic structure of Portuguese
populations; comparison of phylogenies obtained with allozyme and microsatellite loci;
confirmation of actual hypothesis about postglacial colonization’s; studies about the
genealogy of some particular genes. |
| Design: |
A common battery of protein and microsatellite loci will be used to
analyze several brown trout populations covering the all range of distribution of this
species in Portugal. The inclusion of other European populations, both from Atlantic and
Mediterranean group, will allow a deeper knowledge of the phylogeny of Iberian Atlantic
populations. The study of highly polymorphic loci, such as microsatellites and some
protein loci analysed by IEF separation techniques, will permit a more correct evaluation
of genetic population structure at a microgeographic scale. If possible, ancestrally of
alleles from more important protein loci in brown trout studies (e.g. TF), will be
determined by sequencing and determination of mutations involved in allelic variants. |
| Methodology: |
Allozymes (inclusion of IEF techniques), microsatellites, nDNA
sequencing (TF gene). |
| Trout population: |
Resident populations. |
| Origin of samples: |
Atlantic Basin (north-west Iberian Peninsula), North Sea Basin,
Mediterranean Basin. |
| Status: |
Started in 1997, planning to finish in 2001. |
Publications (brown trout genetics)
 Journal
papers:
- Bernatchez, L., Guyomard, R., Bonhomme, F. (1992) DNA sequence variation of the
mithochondrial control region among geographically and morphologically remote European
brown trout (Salmo trutta, L.) populations. Mol. Ecol., 1, 161-173.
- Estoup, A., Presa-Martinez, P., Krieg, F., Vaiman, D., Guyomard, R. (1993). (CT)n and
(GT)n microsatellites : a new class of genetic markers for Salmo trutta L.(brown
trout). Heredity, 71, 488-496.
- Giuffra, E., Bernatchez, L., Guyomard, R. (1994). Mitochondrial control region and
protein coding genes sequence variation among phenotypic forms of brown trout, Salmo
trutta L., from Northern Italy. Mol. Ecol. 3, 161-171.
- Presa-Martinez, P., Krieg, F., Estoup, A., Guyomard, R. (1994) Diversité et gestion
génétique de la truite commune : apport de l'étude du polymorphisme des locus
protéiques et microsatellites. Génét. Sel. Evol. 26 suppl. 1, 183-202.
- Giuffra, E., Guyomard, R., Forneris, G. (1996). Phylogenetic relationships and
introgression pattern between incipient parapatric species of Italian brown trout (Salmo
trutta L. complex). Mol.Ecol., 5, 207-220.
- Largiader, C. R., Scholl, A., Guyomard, R. (1996). The role of natural and artificial
propagation on the genetic diversity of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) of the upper
Rhône drainage. In: Advances in Life Sciences: Endangered freshwater fish in Europe
(eds Kirchhofer A, Heefti D.). Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel. 5: 181-197.
- Presa, P., Guyomard, R. (1996). Conservation of microsatellites in three species of
salmonids. J. Fish Biol., 49, 1326-1329.
- Largiader, C. R., Guyomard, R., Roche, P. (1996). Mise en évidence de la reproduction
naturelle du saumon atlantique (Salmo Salar L.) dans un affluent français du rhin par
analyse génétique d’oeufs prélevés dans des frayères. Bulletin français de
pêche et de pisciculture, 343, 13-188.
- Estoup, A., Rousset, F., Michalakis, Y., Cornuet, J.M., Andriamanga, M., Guyomard, R.
(1998). Comparative analysis of microsatellite and allozyme markers: a case study
investigating microgeographic differentiation in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). Mol.
Ecol., 7, 339-353.
- Chevassus, B., Krieg, F., Guyomard, R., Blanc, J. M., Quillet, E. (1992). The genetics
of the brown trout : twenty years of French research. Workshop on Aquaculture of Artic
Char and Brown Trout, 1991, Fludir, Iceland. Buvisindi Icel. Agr. Sci., 6, 109-124.
- Guyomard, R. (1993). Methods to describe fish stocks. Symposium on Genetic
Conservation of Salmonid Fishes, Moscow/Pullman (USA), J. G.Cloud and G.H. Thorgaard
eds, Plenum Press.
- Guyomard, R. (1997). Consequences of fish introduction in absence of reproductive
isolation: interests and limits of the experimental aproach (in French). Séminaire sur
les introductions d’espèces dans les mileux aquatiques continentaux en métropole,
Paris, february 96. Bulletin français de pêche et de pisciculture, 344/345,
301-308.
- Guyomard, R. (1994). Description et gestion des ressources génétiques des poissons
dulcaquicoles: l’exemple de la truite commune. Atti del 5° convegno nazionale.
Associazione italiana ittiologi acque dolci, Montecchio Maggiore, October 94, pp3-16.
Theses (eg, PhD and MSc theses):
- Estoup, A. (1992). Cloning and sequencing of specific microsatellite loci for studying
genetic variation in Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). DEA. In French.
- Giuffra, E. (1993). Genetic identification and phylogeny of brown trout (Salmo trutta)
populations of the Pô Basin. Ph D thesis. In Italian.
- Presa, P. (1995). Genetic determinism and polymorphism of microsatellite sequences of Salmo
trutta and related salmonid species:. Comparison with protein loci. Ph D thesis. In
French.
- Gharbi, K. (1997). Conservation of microsatellite sequences in Salmonids. Application to
comparative genetic mapping. DEA. In French.
- Lecerf, F. (1997). Evidence of polyandry in Brown trout using microsatellite markers. In
French.
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