Published in the Journal of Hazardous Materials, the research findings show that over 250,000 microplastics (MPs) were detected in the saliva of the study participant after one hour of chewing a single piece of gum.

MPs are tiny plastic particles that originate from the breakdown of larger plastic items, e.g. microfibers from synthetic clothing.

These particles can in turn, break down into even smaller pieces called nanoplastics (NPs), which were also found in the saliva.

Dr Cuong Cao, an author of the study and a Reader from the Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences at Queen’s, said: 

“This study contributes to addressing micro and nano plastic pollution, which is a global concern, by introducing an effective and accessible method to detect these plastics, whilst uncovering overlooked sources of exposure, such as chewing gum.”

“Our findings fill gaps in micro and nano plastic detection and underscore the importance of raising awareness and highlighting chewing gum as an unrecognised source of plastic exposure.”

The researchers used a technique called 'automated Raman spectroscopy' to assess just how many particles enter our saliva through chewing.

MPs and NPs are a burgeoning health hazard that can make their way inside our bodies through various means, with recent research indicating that the consumption of these tiny plastic particles can cause damage to our digestive system, lungs, reproductive system, and more.

Udit Pant, a PhD Fellow at Queen’s was also part of the research team, he said:

“The collected samples of saliva were distributed in three sets. Firstly, within 0-20 mins, then 20-40 mins and finally 40-60 mins. Shockingly, the traces of micro and nanoplastics were found in all the samples, which gives the indication that there might not be any safe chewing duration.

“This is worrying as the long-term impacts of these particles on the human body are unknown. However, we hope that our innovative approach used in undertaking this study will offer a promising, more affordable tool for helping to reduce plastic pollution.”

The paper can be in read in full here.

Dr Cuong Cao

School of Biological Sciences and IGFS

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