Taphonomy and scale resolution for sedimentary aDNA: understanding landscape change and catchment ecologies in multi-peirod landscapes
Overview
Applications are invited from Northern Ireland, Great Britain and Republic of Ireland candidates only. International candidates should NOT apply for this PhD opportunity. This project investigates the depositional processes associated with environmental DNA in complex landscapes, specifically with regard to the taphonomic processes controlling deposition in lake and their catchments. There is a pressing need to utilise multi-locational sampling strategies to correlate sedaDNA sequences, and to investigate whether (i) there is correlation between sequences from discrete sample locations within lakes, and in the terrestrial sequences within lake catchments contributing to these sequences. This project will dovetail with a recently awarded AHRC Standard Grant (£1.5m awarded to PI, collaboration between QUB, Cardiff and Newcastle). As a part of the project the environmental and agrarian history of a series of palace complexes is being investigated by multi-proxy palaeoecology, including a combination of sedimentary aDNA and other proxies. This project will focus on interrogating control sequences to investigate correlation across catchments and the taphonomic processes impacting deposition. The supervisory team will also include Prof. Gill Plunkett (palaeoecological expert).
This project dovetails with a recently awarded AHRC Standard Grant (£1.5m to PI; QUB, Cardiff and Newcastle collaboration). This AHRC project will be engaging in multi-proxy palaeoecological analysis of landscape and agrarian change in the first millennium AD by examining the setting of five major palace sites in Britain and Ireland. The studentship will perform analysis of the catchment and resolution of sedaDNA within the case study coring sites, to inform understandings of the taphonomic processes effecting the relationship between lacustrine/peatland environments and their immediate hinterlands. Recent research has highlighted potential for eDNA to differ based on the bathymetric profile of lakes, and how this impacts depositijnal sequences, highlighting differences in the sequences observed from central (deepest) sample sites, and samples in proximity to in-flow areas. While this has important implications for understanding eDNA application for modern ecological assessment, there has been less consideration of the potential to transform the methodological application of sedimentary aDNA in palaeoecological reconstruction. The AHRC project will be examining the wider agricultural usage of these encironments, but the studentship focusses more specifically on analysing the reliability of the aDNA data that will be generated by the multi-proxy analysis. The student will engage in detailed bioinformatics and sequencing of the project cores, assisted by the project team, and compared to control sequenc es frokm elsewhere in the lakes, and a range of terrestrial samples test pitted from the hinterland and catchment of the analysis areas. They will additionally take additional cores for their own research, from locations removed from the project coring sites, to aid comparison of the sequences and landscape profiles.
While sedimentary aDNA has become a fundamental tool for palaeoecological analysis and environmental reconstruction in recent years, when applied to past landscapes, there is still a lack of fundamental proof of concept underpinning the assumptions in how this is deployed. Moreover, work generally tends to assume that lake sediments generate relatively standarised profiles for their surrounding catchments, which are ‘ground truthed’ by taking terrestrial samples to tie sedimentary sequences together. However, with other proxies it is well established that lacustrine sequences are dramatically effected by the environs of the lake, and their particular catchments that create considerable barriers to standarised signals, and understanding these taponomic processes better is fundamental to sustaining the burgeoning field of aDNA studies, or developing the core of the methodological approaches. Moreover, there has been little consideration of how leeching of DNA can occur vertically in sediments, which again would strongly undermine the validity of current approaches; this is highly salinet with regard to the potential for modern agricultural practices (e.g. fertilisation) to impact sequences. Nevertheless, better understanding these processes can provide more dynamic and reliable methodologies for broaching past environmental reconstruction, and its relationship with modern ecologues for both landscape management and characterisation. The combination and comparison of multiple cores within individual wetland sample areas, targeted alongside terrestrial sampling, is highly novel, with potential to be globally impactful with regard to the use of eDNA in environmental reconstruction.
References
Ataman, T. G. et al. 2025. Sedimentary DNA from lake depocentres maximises detection in catchment vegetation. Nature: Communications Earth and Environment 6 (762). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02675-6.
Brown, A. et al. 2022. New integrated molecular approaches for investigating lake settlement in north-western Europe. Antiquity 96 (389), 1179–1199.
Wang, Y. et al. 2023. Spatial distribution of sedimentary DNA is taxon-specifc and linked to local occurrence at intra-lake scale. Nature: Communications Earth and Environment 4 (172). https://doi.org/10.101038/s4347-023-00829-y.
ESSENTIAL BACKGROUND OF CANDIDATES
Minimum of a strong upper second class (2.1) honours degree (completed or in the final stages of completion) in archaeology or a cognate discipline with experience of aDNA and/or palaeoecological analysis.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Please note that applicants are not required to upload a research proposal as part of the application. Instead, interested candidates should upload a copy of their CV and a covering letter outlining their capacity to undertake a PhD on this theme, and describing any relevant experience in: archaeology, bioinformatics, eDNA and palaeoecology.
APPLICATION PROCEDURE – instructions for applicants
• To apply, visit https://go.qub.ac.uk/pgapply (link to the Queen's Application Portal)
• Apply for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 'Archaeology & Palaeoecology' at Queen's University Belfast, School of Natural and Built Environment.
• State name of lead supervisor on application form 'Dr Patrick Gleeson'.
• State the intended SOURCE OF FUNDING on your application as 'DfE’.
• Include your CV and a covering letter.
***Please ensure that all transcripts, together with award certificates (for completed qualifications) are uploaded by the closing date or it may not be possible to consider your application***
Funding Information
This funded studentship is open to UK/Home/ROI (fees only) candidates. The value of an award includes the cost of approved fees as well as maintenance support (stipend). As a guide, the stipend rate for 2025/2026 is currently £20,780.
Project Summary
Dr Patrick Gleeson
Full-time: 3
Archaeology & Palaeoecology overview
By joining Archaeology & Palaeoecology you will become part of a dynamic group of researchers in one of two interdisciplinary Research Cells: PLANET for more environmentally-related projects, and PAST for more humanities-related Archaeology projects.
Projects involving Palaeoecology or Scientific Archaeology (PLANET and PAST Research Cells) focus on themes such as long-term changes and resilience in ecosystems, humans, environments and climate, using approaches such as pollen analysis, tephra dating, dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating. Much of our research spans several disciplines – for example projects on the palaeoecology and restoration of bogs.
Research in the PAST cluster explores the material manifestations of culture through time and space. We combine innovative scientific methods with theoretically-informed analyses to understand past human experience, bringing together the humanities and the sciences.
The combination of environmental archaeology, and especially bio-archaeology, with more traditional approaches to the past, helps to differentiate Queen's from most other Archaeology departments and is seen as both a strength and stimulus to future developments.
Archaeology & Palaeoecology Highlights
Career Development
- The University’s Graduate School provides postgraduate students with a state-of-the-art interdisciplinary hub to support their personal and professional development.
http://www.qub.ac.uk/graduate-school/ - Archaeology & Palaeoecology at Queen’s have a long-standing record of inter-disciplinary approaches to understanding the relationship between past humans and their environment. Our alumni are going on to successful careers in academia and beyond.
https://archaeology-palaeoecology-qub.com/ - QUB’s Researcher Plus scheme provides PhD and MPhil students with an opportunity to develop skills which are transferable beyond their research degrees, and the Researcher Plus award provides them with official recognition for the skills acquired in addition to their research.
http://www.qub.ac.uk/graduate-school/development/researcher-plus/
World Class Facilities
- The School boasts the internationally renowned 14CHRONO Centre for Climate, the Environment and Chronology that together with our Dendrochronology Laboratory, Stable Isotope Facility, Archaeomaterials Laboratory and other in-house laboratory facilities helps us understand past societal and environmental issues.
http://14chrono.org/ - The Centre for Community Archaeology (CCA) bolsters the School’s capacity for conducting innovative field research, using the latest technology in geophysical prospection, remote sensing and 3D modelling of archaeological sites and artefacts.
https://www.qub.ac.uk/sites/communityarchaeology/ - The School’s Centre for Geographic Information Science and Geomatics provides cutting-edge infrastructure for research projects involving elements of geospatial analysis.
https://www.qub.ac.uk/research-centres/GIS/ - The Centre for Data Digitisation and Analysis, likewise situated within the School, lends crucial technical support to research projects across the digital humanities and beyond.
https://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/NBE/Research/research-centres-and-institutes/ - The University's Core Technology Units (CTUs) provide researchers and graduate students in Archaeology & Palaeoecology with high-quality training in advanced laboratory techniques and access to state-of-the-art equipment for mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, palaeogenomics and advanced imaging. The Advanced Informatics unit helps us to maintain a comprehensive and systematic data management framework for our research data.
http://www.qub.ac.uk/sites/core-technology-units/ - The University’s McClay Library holds one of the most comprehensive collections of resources on Irish, British, European and World Archaeology in Ireland and the UK, and provides state-of-the-art study facilities.
http://www.qub.ac.uk/about/Campus-and-facilities/The-McClay-Library/ - Access to the research infrastructure offered by the world-leading range of Research Centres and laboratory facilities based in the School and by the University’s Core Technology Units. Research students are encouraged to play a full and active role in relation to the wide range of research activities undertaken within the School and there are many resources available, including:
Internationally Renowned Experts
- Undertaking a research degree with Archaeology & Palaeoecology at Queen’s, you will work with and be supervised by world-leading experts in their respective fields.
Key Facts
Archaeology at Queens is in the Top 150 in the World QS Rankings (2022).
- As a Russell Group university and ranked in the UK top 10 (Complete University Guide 2022), Queen’s is one of the best places in the UK to study Archaeology.
- Office accommodation with access to computing facilities and support to attend conferences for full-time MPhil students.
Course content
Research Information
Associated Research
Both the PLANET and PAST Research Cells are strongly interdisciplinary and incorporate researchers from other subject areas across the School (e.g. Human and Physical Geography, Planning, Architecture), working closely together to develop research that takes into consideration both the social and environmental context of human society. Integrated within C&S is the Centre for Archaeological Fieldwork, a financially self-supporting excavation unit with an exceptional record of publication and a high media profile, reflecting a strong commitment to community engagement.
Both clusters conduct research in Ireland, Great Britain and abroad, in particular the Mediterranean region, territories of the former Soviet Union, the North Atlantic, West Africa and the Americas, where both staff and research students undertake collaborative projects.
Research students maintain their own research seminar series alongside the fortnightly seminars organised by the two research clusters, which routinely bring outstanding scholars from abroad as well as Great Britain and Ireland.
Being based in the purpose-built Archaeology & Palaeoecology Centre, jointly with the 14CHRONO Centre for Climate, the Environment and Chronology, expands our research facilities and has allowed us to extend our research agenda. Our facilities include an AMS 14C dating facility, an NEC accelerator mass spectrometer, cold storage for biological materials, drawing office, laboratories for post-excavation, human bone analysis, palynology, plant, snail and insect macrofossils, dendrochronology and animal bone analysis.
Thematically, we have identified eight areas of particular specialist interest and especially welcome applications from potential MPhil students interested in these areas, though projects are not limited to these themes:
• Development of agriculture and the cultural landscape in Europe, Eurasia and its associated economic, chronological and environmental backdrop
• Organisation of domestic and ritual space (including landscapes) from prehistory through the post-medieval period in the North Atlantic region
• Religion, society and material culture in the ancient Mediterranean
• Settlement and economy of prehistoric, medieval and post-medieval Ireland; connections with the New World
• Social and bio-archaeological approaches to death, involving the study of mortuary data from Ireland across Eurasia
• Populations and palaeodiet from Ireland to Eurasia
• Refinement of chronologies from selected regions of the world, using the facilities of the 14CHRONO labs
• The causes, timing and impacts of past climate change
Current postgraduates come from Ireland, Great Britain, the USA, France, Italy, Cyprus and the Netherlands.
Career Prospects
Introduction
Many of our MPhil alumni have moved into academic and research roles in Higher Education while others go on to play leading roles in educational practice, the public sector or within NGO’s.
For further information on career opportunities at MPhil level please contact the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences Student Recruitment Team on askEPS@qub.ac.uk.
Our advisors – in consultation with the School – will be happy to provide further information on your research area, possible career prospects and your research application.
People teaching you
Dr Colm Donnelly
Senior Research Fellow
Natural & Built Environment
Medieval and post-medieval archaeology, geophysics and remote sensing, community archaeology.
Dr Dirk Brandherm
Reader
Natural & Built Environment
Later prehistoric archaeology of Europe and the Mediterranean, artefact studies, archaeometry of inorganic materials.
Dr Maarten Blaauw
Reader
Natural & Built Environment
Palaeoecology, chronology-building, other numerical approaches.
Dr Patrick Gleeson
Senior Lecturer
Natural & Built Environment
Medieval archaeology, funerary and ritual practice, landscape archaeology, geophysics and remote sensing.
Dr Ryan Rabett
Senior Lecturer
Natural & Built Environment
Southeast Asian prehistory, palaeolithic archaeology, early human adaptation and dispersal, zooarchaeology.
Dr William Megarry
Senior Lecturer
Natural & Built Environment
Geospatial techniques in archaeology, heritage management, landscape archaeology, archaeology of island cultures.
Prof Gill Plunkett
Professor
Natural & Built Environment
Cryptotephra palynology, mid- to late Holocene environmental change, prehistoric Ireland, past human-environment dynamics.
Professor Eileen Murphy
Professor
Natural & Built Environment
Bioarchaeology, burial practices, childhood in the past, archaeology of the Irish diaspora, community archaeology.
Learning Outcomes
A research degree offers students an opportunity to foster their capacity for independent research and critical thought. It also allows students to explore an area of interest and so understand and solve theoretical and practical problems within the field.Undertaking a research degree also enhances a student’s written and oral communication skills, and a MPhil provides a solid grounding for a research career.
Course structure
An MPhil is awarded for original research in a topic chosen by the student. MPhil studies may be undertaken on a full (2 years) or part-time (4 years) basis. To complete with an MPhil qualification you will be required to submit a thesis of no more than 50,000 words.This independent research is complemented by postgraduate skills training organised by Queen’s Graduate School, and other internal and external training courses organised through your supervisor.
Full time students are often attracted to research degree programmes because they offer an opportunity to pursue in some depth an area of academic interest.
The part time route is a suitable option for those unable to study for an MPhil full time. This may be due to family commitments or those already in employment. On the former, studying part time for an MPhil can be very accommodating in juggling different responsibilities. On the latter, part time candidates often choose to research an area that is related to their professional responsibilities.
If you meet the Entry Requirements, the next step is to check whether we can supervise research in your chosen area. We only take students to whom we can offer expert research supervision from one of our academic staff. Therefore, your research question needs to engage with the research interests of one of our staff.
Application Process
Please review the eligibility criteria on the webpages. If you believe that you meet these criteria then follow the steps below:
Select ONE potential supervisor from our list of Academic Staff (https://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/NBE/OurPeople/AcademicandResearchStaff/) and send an email containing:
a brief CV (1-2 pages maximum)
a concise statement that you are interested in studying for an MPhil, stating when you would start, and how you would plan to fund the research
a brief statement of the research question or interest, and how you think the question could be investigated
Our academic staff welcome approaches from prospective students; staff can liaise with applicants to develop a research proposal of mutual interest. The potential supervisor should get back to you within a couple of weeks. They may invite you to meet with them or they may invite you to apply formally.
If you have difficulty identifying or contacting an appropriate supervisor, please contact Catherine Boone (email: pgr.snbe@qub.ac.uk) who will be happy to help.
Assessment
Assessment processes for the Research Degree differ from taught degrees. Students will be expected to present drafts of their work at regular intervals to their supervisor who will provide written and oral feedback; a formal assessment process takes place annually.
This Annual Progress Review requires students to present their work in writing and orally to a panel of academics from within the School. Successful completion of this process will allow students to register for the next academic year.
The final assessment of the MPhil degree is both oral and written. Students will submit their thesis to an internal and external examining team who will review the written thesis before inviting the student to orally defend their work at a Viva Voce.
Feedback
Supervisors will offer feedback on draft work at regular intervals throughout the period of registration on the degree.
Facilities
Some of our research facilities support several disciplines and range from the interactive mapping tools employed by the Centre for GIS and Geomatics to the high precision radiocarbon analyses conducted by 14Chrono.https://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/NBE/Research/facilities-infrastructure/
Entrance requirements
Graduate
The minimum academic requirement for admission to a research degree programme is normally an Upper Second Class Honours degree from a UK or ROI HE provider, or an equivalent qualification acceptable to the University. Further information can be obtained by contacting the School.
International Students
For information on international qualification equivalents, please check the specific information for your country.
English Language Requirements
Evidence of an IELTS* score of 6.5, with not less than 5.5 in any component, or equivalent qualification acceptable to the University is required (*taken within the last 2 years).
International students wishing to apply to Queen's University Belfast (and for whom English is not their first language), must be able to demonstrate their proficiency in English in order to benefit fully from their course of study or research. Non-EEA nationals must also satisfy UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) immigration requirements for English language for visa purposes.
For more information on English Language requirements for EEA and non-EEA nationals see: www.qub.ac.uk/EnglishLanguageReqs.
If you need to improve your English language skills before you enter this degree programme, INTO Queen's University Belfast offers a range of English language courses. These intensive and flexible courses are designed to improve your English ability for admission to this degree.
Tuition Fees
| Northern Ireland (NI) 1 | TBC |
| Republic of Ireland (ROI) 2 | TBC |
| England, Scotland or Wales (GB) 1 | TBC |
| EU Other 3 | £28,000 |
| International | £28,000 |
1 EU citizens in the EU Settlement Scheme, with settled or pre-settled status, are expected to be charged the NI or GB tuition fee based on where they are ordinarily resident, however this is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly Student Fees Regulations. Students who are ROI nationals resident in GB are expected to be charged the GB fee, however this is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly student fees Regulations.
2 It is expected that EU students who are ROI nationals resident in ROI will be eligible for NI tuition fees. The tuition fee set out above is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly student fees Regulations.
3 EU Other students (excludes Republic of Ireland nationals living in GB, NI or ROI) are charged tuition fees in line with international fees.
All tuition fees quoted relate to a single year of study unless stated otherwise. All fees will be subject to an annual inflationary increase, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
More information on postgraduate tuition fees.
Archaeology & Palaeoecology costs
There are no specific additional course costs associated with this programme.
Additional course costs
All Students
Depending on the programme of study, there may also be other extra costs which are not covered by tuition fees, which students will need to consider when planning their studies . Students can borrow books and access online learning resources from any Queen's library. If students wish to purchase recommended texts, rather than borrow them from the University Library, prices per text can range from £30 to £100. Students should also budget between £30 to £100 per year for photocopying, memory sticks and printing charges. Students may wish to consider purchasing an electronic device; costs will vary depending on the specification of the model chosen. There are also additional charges for graduation ceremonies, and library fines. In undertaking a research project students may incur costs associated with transport and/or materials, and there will also be additional costs for printing and binding the thesis. There may also be individually tailored research project expenses and students should consult directly with the School for further information.
Bench fees
Some research programmes incur an additional annual charge on top of the tuition fees, often referred to as a bench fee. Bench fees are charged when a programme (or a specific project) incurs extra costs such as those involved with specialist laboratory or field work. If you are required to pay bench fees they will be detailed on your offer letter. If you have any questions about Bench Fees these should be raised with your School at the application stage. Please note that, if you are being funded you will need to ensure your sponsor is aware of and has agreed to fund these additional costs before accepting your place.
How do I fund my study?
1.PhD OpportunitiesFind PhD opportunities and funded studentships by subject area.
2.Funded Doctoral Training ProgrammesWe offer numerous opportunities for funded doctoral study in a world-class research environment. Our centres and partnerships, aim to seek out and nurture outstanding postgraduate research students, and provide targeted training and skills development.
3.PhD loansThe Government offers doctoral loans of up to £26,445 for PhDs and equivalent postgraduate research programmes for English- or Welsh-resident UK and EU students.
4.International ScholarshipsInformation on Postgraduate Research scholarships for international students.
Funding and Scholarships
The Funding & Scholarship Finder helps prospective and current students find funding to help cover costs towards a whole range of study related expenses.
How to Apply
Apply using our online Postgraduate Applications Portal and follow the step-by-step instructions on how to apply.
Find a supervisor
If you're interested in a particular project, we suggest you contact the relevant academic before you apply, to introduce yourself and ask questions.
To find a potential supervisor aligned with your area of interest, or if you are unsure of who to contact, look through the staff profiles linked here.
You might be asked to provide a short outline of your proposal to help us identify potential supervisors.