This guidance, which applies to both undergraduate and postgraduate taught students, is intended to provide advice on the academic appeals process i.e. students seeking the amendment to, or reversal of, a decision taken by a Board of Examiners relating to their academic performance, progression and/or award. The appeals process does not set aside the academic judgement of examiners but seeks to ensure that all relevant circumstances are considered and taken into account and that the University's Regulations procedures have been followed before a final decision is taken on a student’s future.
This guidance should be read in conjunction with the Academic Appeal Regulations (Taught Programmes) and the General Provisions. Where there is any doubt, the Regulations take precedence over this guidance.
A former student may not lodge an appeal after they have graduated from the University. However, a student may proceed to graduate while appealing, providing the appeal is submitted within 10 working days of the formal publication of their final result.
Should a change to a result be required following an appeal, the student’s transcript will be amended accordingly. Where a degree classification changes after graduation, the student will be issued with an amended parchment on return of the original parchment.
Please note: Neither the Faculty Student Appeals Committee (FSAC) nor the Central Student Appeals Committee (CSAC) can make academic judgements, i.e., change marks or degree classifications. Neither the FSAC nor the CSAC can permit students to re-sit or retake modules which they have already passed.
There are two stages of the academic appeals process for taught programmes. This flowchart outlines the stages of the process.
Academic Appeals
If you are dissatisfied with an academic decision of the Board of Examiners in your School, you may appeal on certain grounds.
The initial stage of the appeals process is the FSAC stage. Appeals to the FSAC must be made within 10 working days of the University deadline for publication of results. *If your assessment does not fall within the normal University Assessment Period, please refer to your Board of Examiners’ decision letter, which will clearly detail your deadline for submission of an appeal.
If you remain unhappy with the outcome of the FSAC, you can then appeal to the CSAC, within 5 working days of your FSAC outcome. You cannot appeal directly to the CSAC against the decision of the Board of Examiners without first appealing to the FSAC.
At all stages of the process, there are tight deadlines to which students must adhere. It is your responsibility to establish, and meet, the relevant appeal deadline.
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Who can help with an academic appeal?
Prior to submitting your appeal, you are advised to speak to:
- Your Advisor of Studies; and/or
- Your Personal Tutor; and/or
- SU Advice
Wellbeing support is also available from the Student Wellbeing Service
- When can I appeal?
You can appeal to the FSAC within 10 working days of the publication of results, and to the CSAC within 5 days of the FSAC outcome. You should pay particular attention to the deadline for appeals, and seek advice, if required, from SU Advice.
- Key dates and deadlines
Key dates and deadlines can be found here
Your fully completed FSAC Appeal Form, along with all supporting evidence, must be submitted via Queen's Portal by the specified deadline.
In some Schools, the assessment period may differ from the University assessment period, in which case the deadlines for submission of exceptional circumstances or appeals will also differ from the University's published deadline. In these instances, the School's deadline will apply. It is your responsibility to ascertain the correct deadline applied by your School.
- What if I miss the appeal deadline?
A late appeal may only be considered if you can demonstrate that you were unable to submit an appeal before the deadline due to circumstances beyond your control (e.g. hospitalisation).
You cannot submit a late appeal after you have graduated.
What is normally considered as circumstances beyond my control?
Examples of reasons that would normally be accepted as sufficient cause for a late appeal include:
- Hospitalisation for an unexpected illness or accident at the time of the appeal deadline. Medical evidence is required to support this reason for a late appeal and must detail the dates of admission to and discharge from hospital.
- Severe mental health illness, which meant that, at the time of the appeal deadline, you were unfit to engage with the appeal process. Medical evidence is required to support this reason for a late appeal. This medical evidence must provide a clear medical diagnosis or opinion and must indicate how this impacted on your ability to engage with the appeal process at the time of the appeal deadline. If the condition was ongoing for some time (e.g. depression/anxiety), the medical evidence must set out when you first sought medical assistance and explain why you were unable to engage with the appeal process at the time of the appeal deadline, particularly if you continued to engage with your programme of study.
- Serious illness or bereavement of a family member, partner or close friend, which meant that you were unfit to engage with the appeal process at the time of the appeal deadline. Medical evidence is required to support this reason for a late appeal. This medical evidence must provide a clear medical opinion on how this impacted on your ability to engage with the process at the time of the appeal deadline.
- Being a victim of crime. A crime reference number would normally be required as evidence of this.
What is not considered circumstances beyond my control?
Examples of reasons that would not normally be accepted as sufficient cause for a late appeal include:
- Forgetting/not being aware of the deadline
- Ongoing physical or mental health issues
- Holidays/being in a different time zone
- Work commitments
- Submitting your appeal to the wrong place
- Not obtaining evidence on time
What should I do if I think I have sufficient cause and wish to submit a late appeal?
When completing your FSAC Appeal form (on Queen's Portal), you must ensure that you also complete the 'late appeal' section of the form (ensuring that you provide clear explanation as to why you are only now able to submit an appeal).
Please note that your written statement (detailing the reason(s) for your late appeal) must be supported by evidence such as a GP letter, hospital admission report or psychiatric report. Any medical evidence must provide a medical opinion (e.g. diagnosis) and not simply record what you have reported to your health care professional. Any medical evidence must also provide a medical opinion on how your illness impacted on your ability to engage with the appeal process and to submit your appeal on time. This medical evidence must be submitted alongside your FSAC Appeal Form (via Queen's Portal).
It is strongly recommended that you seek advice on preparing your appeal from SU Advice.
If accepted for consideration, late appeals will normally be considered during the next round of appeal hearings and ad-hoc meetings will not normally be scheduled to hear a late appeal. Key dates and appeal deadlines can be found here.
Further information about the late appeals process can be found in section 1.7 of the Academic Appeals Regulations (Taught)
- I am graduating, can I still appeal?
Yes, submitting an appeal will not prohibit you from graduating; however, you must adhere to the published deadlines for appeals.
If a change to your results is required following your appeal, your transcript will be amended.
If your degree classification changes after graduation, you will be issued with an amended parchment on return of your original parchment.
You are not able to submit an appeal after you have graduated from Queen’s University Belfast
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What should I do before making an appeal?
Prior to submitting your appeal, it is advised that you:
- Read the Academic Appeals Regulations (Taught), the General Provisions and this Guide.
- Identify your grounds for appeal.
- Attend your Student Outcome Meeting (if relevant).
- Speak to SU Advice
- Obtain relevant evidence in support of your appeal.
- What are grounds for appeal?
The grounds on which you can appeal to FSAC are:
- New evidence has become available which could not have been provided to the Board of Examiners (BoE) meeting (evidence that you chose to withhold from the Board of Examiners will not normally constitute new evidence at an appeal).
- There has been a procedural irregularity which has had a demonstrable impact on the academic outcome.
- For Postgraduate Taught Students Only: that there was inadequate supervision of the thesis/dissertation element of the Postgraduate programme. An appeal will not be considered on this ground, unless there is good reason to show why such issues were not raised by the student promptly at the time they first arose.
The grounds on which you can appeal to CSAC are:
- New evidence has become available which could not have been provided to the FSAC (evidence withheld from the FSAC will not normally constitute new evidence).
- There has been a procedural irregularity in the FSAC procedure which has had a demonstrable impact on the outcome.
- What are not normally grounds for appeal?
The following are not grounds for appeal:
- Not being aware of the University regulations
- Not knowing the University procedures (e.g. the Exceptional Circumstances procedure).
- Being unhappy with your module mark or thinking that you could have done better.
- Wanting to re-sit examinations or re-submit coursework in order to improve grades for modules that have been passed.
- Being awarded a degree classification that does not satisfy your career plans.
- Can I appeal after I have taken, or attempted to take, an assessment?
The decision on whether to attempt an examination or submit an assessment, and the consequences of that decision, shall remain the sole responsibility of each student. By taking or attempting an examination or assessment, you have declared yourself fit to be assessed. If you now believe that you were not fit to be assessed, you will be expected to provide clear reasons for having taken or attempted the assessment, and evidence of impaired judgement regarding your fitness to undertake the assessment at the time.
- What if I am appealing because I have an illness/condition which was only diagnosed after submission of my assessment(s)?
Although you did not have a formal diagnosis previously, it is the symptoms / personal circumstances at the time impacting on a student’s ability to engage with their academic studies, and to complete assessments, which students are expected to disclose, even if they have not received a diagnosis of an illness or condition. Therefore, the expectation is that you would have disclosed your symptoms / difficulties to the University via the Exceptional Circumstances Procedure at the appropriate time, even without a formal diagnosis.
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Where can I find the Appeal Forms?
The Appeal forms are accessible via Queen's Portal.
- Advice on completing the Appeal forms
It is strongly recommended that you seek advice on preparing your appeal from SU Advice
Do make sure that you complete ALL parts of the appeal form.
You should address the following points on your appeal form:
- State clearly the decision you are appealing against. For FSAC appeals, you should attach a copy of the decision you are appealing (e.g. a Board of Examiners letter).
- What are your grounds for appeal? Make sure that you tick the appropriate box(es).
- Give a summary of any issues that you believe may have impacted on your progression or academic outcome and clearly detail how you believe you meet the ground(s) of appeal.
- Did you encounter any exceptional circumstances? If so, what are they?
- Did you inform the School of these circumstances? Do you have any emails/correspondence to support this? Did you submit an Exceptional Circumstances application? If not, why did you not do so? You should attach copies of any relevant documents.
- What would you like the FSAC to do? You should check the University Regulations and/or your Student Handbook to make sure that the FSAC has the power to grant what you are asking.
- If you are requesting another attempt to pass an assignment/exam, what will be different next time?
- Is there any additional information you would like the FSAC to know about?
- Ensure that you have provided all supporting evidence (e.g. medical evidence) which you consider supports your appeal. If you fail to submit the relevant evidence in support of your appeal before the appeal deadline, it may be rejected at the Sifting and Review stage because of lack of evidence.
- Can I appeal due to disruption during an examination?
If you experienced disruption during an examination, you should have informed the examination invigilator of the issue at the time and completed an Exceptional Circumstances application before the EC deadline. The matter should therefore be resolved prior to reaching appeal stage.
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What if I consider my circumstances to be of an extremely personal and/or sensitive nature?
All information and supporting evidence provided by you through the academic appeals process will be treated and managed with the appropriate level of confidentiality, with information only being released to those who need to see it (e.g. for the School’s response).
- Supporting Evidence
You should submit all evidence in support of your appeal. If you submit an appeal without clear and relevant evidence, this will likely result in your appeal being rejected by the Sifting and Review Panels.
Useful types of evidence might include (but are not limited to):
- Medical reports (including letters from your GP)
- Police reports
- Exam invigilator reports
- Emails, letters and other correspondence
- Witness statements
- Meeting notes
If you are appealing on the ground of new evidence, it is important to provide documentation, which evidences both the exceptional circumstance and the impact your exceptional circumstances had on your ability to study or perform academically.
All evidence must be in English. If your evidence is in another language, it is your responsibility to obtain an English translation of this evidence. The translation must be stamped and certified as an accurate translation.
Evidence should be relevant to the missed/failed exam or assessment and must relate to the date(s) of the missed/failed exam or assessment.
Any medical evidence should:
- Relate specifically to the dates and duration of your illness.
- Contain a clear medical diagnosis or opinion and indicate how this impacted on your academic performance at the time of the assessment(s) in question.
- Evidence impaired judgement regarding your fitness to undertake the assessment, in cases where you have taken or attempted the assessment(s).
Academic Affairs will contact you if they require sight of the originals of any documentation that you submit with your appeal.
Evidence must not be tampered with or forged. The University takes this very seriously and, in line with the University's Regulations, the standard penalty for a first offence of falsification/fabrication of evidence provided to the University is expulsion from the University.
SU Advice can provide additional advice on the types of evidence that could be submitted with your appeal.
- What happens once I have submitted an appeal?
Once you have submitted your appeal, you will receive a notification email (to your University email address) confirming receipt of your appeal and explaining the next stage of the process.
It is important that you check your University email account regularly and read any emails sent to you carefully.
Once submitted, your appeal may be considered by a Sifting Panel and (if necessary), a Review Panel. You are not required to attend these meetings.
- What is the role of the Sifting and the Review Panel?
The Sifting Panel will consider your appeal (and supporting evidence) and will decide to either accept or reject your appeal. If accepted, your appeal will be sent to your School for a response.
The Sifting Panel will reject your appeal if sufficient evidence and/or a sufficiently compelling case is not presented. For example, if:
- Your appeal form is incomplete and/or does not contain any supporting evidence.
- Your appeal clearly does not meet the grounds for appeal.
- Your desired outcome is not within the powers/remit of the FSAC/CSAC to grant, e.g. the outcome requested is to change marks or to re-sit or re-take modules that have already been passed.
If the Sifting Panel rejects your appeal, the Review Panel will review this decision. The Review Panel will only consider the original appeal documentation and no additional information will be accepted at this stage.
The Review Panel will decide either to confirm or overturn the decision of the Sifting Panel.
- My appeal was rejected by the Sifting and Review Panels; what happens next?
If your appeal has been rejected by the Review Panel, there is no further internal right of appeal and the original decision will remain in place.
If you believe there has been maladministration in the processing of your appeal, you may submit a complaint to the Office of the Northern Ireland Public Services Ombudsman (NIPSO). Complaints to the Ombudsman must be made within 6 months of notification of the decision of the Review Panel.
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My appeal was accepted by the Sifting/Review Panel; what happens next?
If your appeal has been accepted by the Sifting / Review Panels, your appeal will be sent to relevant individuals within your School for a response. Where relevant, your appeal may also be sent to other University departments (such as Accessible Learning Support, Student Wellbeing) for a response.
Once the response is received, your appeal will be sent to the Faculty Student Appeals Committee (FSAC) for consideration.
The Appeals Team (and Queen's Portal) will keep you updated on the progress of your appeal.
- Can I withdraw my appeal?
Yes, you can withdraw your appeal at any stage of the process.
If you wish to withdraw your appeal, you may do so via the Service Request Page on the Queen's Portal.
You may also wish to discuss this with the Appeals, Conduct and Complaints Team (appeals@qub.ac.uk), prior to withdrawing your appeal.
- When will the appeal hearings take place?
- What are the possible outcomes of my FSAC appeal?
The FSAC can make the following decisions:
- Dismiss the appeal, with reasons, and confirm the original decision against which the appeal was made.
- Refer the matter back to the Chair of the Board of Examiners, with or without a recommendation.
- Uphold the appeal in part or in full, and may permit the student to re-sit or re-take a failed module(s).
In exceptional cases, the FSAC may also refer the case to the Central Student Appeals Committee (CSAC).
The FSAC cannot make academic judgements, i.e. change marks or degree classifications.
- How and when will I be informed of the FSAC decision?
Normally, the FSAC decision will be sent to you via Queen's Portal within 8 working days of the decision being reached.
You will also be able to access the School response to your appeal.
Please note that the Appeals, Conduct and Complaints Team are unable to respond to individual, ad-hoc requests for FSAC decisions and you will receive your decision as soon as possible once it has been finalised.
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Do I have to attend the appeal meeting(s)?
Please note that the FSAC makes its decision based solely on the documentation submitted only. You are not required to attend this meeting.
If you have lodged a CSAC appeal, you will receive an invitation to attend the CSAC hearing at least 5 working days prior to the meeting date. Whilst it is not a compulsory requirement that you attend, it is strongly recommended that you do so in order to present your appeal to the CSAC panel.
You must confirm whether or not you will attend the CSAC meeting.
If you are invited to an ‘in person’ CSAC meeting but wish to attend virtually instead, it may be possible to arrange your attendance by Microsoft Teams.
If you do not wish to attend the CSAC meeting and would prefer your appeal to be considered on the paperwork alone, you must inform the Appeals, Conduct and Complaints Team (appeals@qub.ac.uk) by the deadline stated in your CSAC invitation.
If you confirm your attendance at the CSAC meeting and then fail to attend without a good reason for your absence, the CSAC may consider your case in your absence. The CSAC will determine what it considers to be a good reason, but work commitments would not normally be considered a sufficient reason to postpone a meeting.
- Can I bring someone with me to the CSAC meeting?
You may be accompanied by a registered student of the University (which includes a Students’ Union Sabbatical Officer), or a member of staff of the University, or University Chaplaincy. You might wish to contact SU Advice in the first instance.
If you consider that you have a disability or condition for which you require reasonable adjustments, you should advise the Appeals, Conduct and Complaints(appeals@qub.ac.uk) when submitting your appeal or as soon as possible so that the appropriate reasonable adjustments can be put in place to help you engage as fully as possible with the appeals hearing. This may entail a consultation with Accessible Learning Support.
If you attend your CSAC meeting accompanied, please note that you will still be expected to answer questions and make your own representations. The individual accompanying you is there to support you, not to represent you.
If your meeting is held virtually, you are still permitted to be accompanied to your CSAC meeting and you will be permitted time and privacy to discuss matters with this person during the meeting if required.
- Who are the CSAC panel members?
The CSAC is comprised of four members of academic staff who have been nominated to hear student appeals. Each member will have experience of advising students on progress, assessment and award issues.
The CSAC will not contain a member of staff from your School.
If you are a student of the Institute of Professional Legal Studies, your CSAC will also include one member of the Inn of Court of Northern Ireland and one member of the Law Society of Northern Ireland nominated by the Council of Legal Education.
- Will anyone else attend the CSAC meeting?
In addition to the CSAC, the following persons may be invited to attend the CSAC meeting. These persons will not be involved in deciding the outcome of your appeal.
- FSAC Chair: The FSAC Chair may be invited in order to clarify the FSAC outcome or to respond to CSAC appeals citing procedural irregularity in the FSAC procedures.
- School Representative: A School Representative may be invited to answer questions about your appeal, the School's procedures and practices, the programme of study or your academic performance to date.
- Representative(s) from other University department(s) (e.g. Accessible Learning Support): A representative from another department may be invited to answer questions about other concerns raised in your appeal.
At least one member of Academic Affairs will be in attendance to take notes of the meeting and to ensure that the meeting is conducted in line with the Academic Appeal Regulations (Taught Programmes) and the General Provisions.
- Can I record the CSAC meeting?
Students and staff are not permitted to make electronic or digital audio or visual recordings of any meetings.
Official minutes of the meeting will be taken by a member of Academic Affairs and will be available on request.
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What information will the CSAC consider?
The CSAC will be provided with the following documentation:
- Your CSAC appeal and any supporting evidence
- Documentation provided to the FSAC (your appeal to the FSAC and the School response)
- FSAC Record of Outcome detailing the FSAC decision
- Response from the FSAC Chair (or nominee) (if available).
- Response from other departments (e.g. Accessible Learning Support) if issues concerning these departments raised in the FSAC or CSAC appeal
If the FSAC Chair (or nominee) or another University department provides a written response to your CSAC appeal, you will be sent a copy by email in advance of the meeting.
- What happens at the CSAC meeting?
The CSAC meeting will follow the following format:
- Introductions will be made and the meeting format will be explained.
- You will be invited to briefly outline the decision you are appealing against and the grounds on which you are appealing. It may help to prepare a short statement which highlights important points and/or to comment on the School response or the FSAC decision.
- If in attendance, the FSAC Chair will be asked to explain the FSAC decision.
- If in attendance, the representative from your School (or from any other University department involved) will be invited to answer questions by way of clarification.
- The Committee will then ask questions to clarify some of the issues you have raised in your appeal.
- You and the School representative (and the FSAC Chair if in attendance) will be asked for any closing remarks.
CSAC meetings normally take approximately 20-30 minutes.
- What are the possible outcomes of my CSAC appeal?
The CSAC can make the following decisions:
- Dismiss the appeal, with reasons, and confirm the original decision against which the appeal is made.
- Refer the matter back to the Chair of the Board of Examiners, with or without recommendation.
- Uphold the appeal in part or in full.
The CSAC cannot make academic judgements, i.e. changing marks or degree classifications.
- How and when will I be informed of the appeal outcome?
Normally, the decision will be sent to you within 8 working days of the decision being reached. This will normally be sent to your University email address.
Please note that the Appeals and Complaints Team are unable to respond to individual, ad-hoc requests for decisions. You will receive your outcome as soon as possible once it has been finalised.
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What if I am unhappy with the outcome of my appeal?
If you are unhappy with an outcome from the Sifting Panel and the Review Panel, please note that there is no further appeal against this decision, and you have exhausted the internal procedure.
If you are unhappy with an FSAC outcome, you may appeal on grounds to the Central Student Appeals Committee (CSAC), within 5 working days.
If you are unhappy with a CSAC outcome, there is no further appeal against the decision of the CSAC and you have exhausted the internal procedure.
Once you have exhausted the internal procedure, if you believe there has been maladministration in the processing of your appeal, you may submit a complaint to the Office of the Northern Ireland Public Services Ombudsman. Complaints to the Ombudsman must be made within 6 months of notification of the decision of the CSAC or Sifting and Review Panels.
If you have any further queries in relation to the academic appeals process, please contact the Appeals, Conduct and Complaints team.
Alternatively you can request free, impartial advice and guidance from SU Advice.
Support is also available from the Student Wellbeing Service.