Modules

• Year 1

  Core Modules

  Professional Skills for Scientists 1 (0 credits)

  ×

  Professional Skills for Scientists 1

  Overview

  This module aims to;
  1. Develop key academic and practical skills to enhance a student’s prowess as a life scientist.
  2. Promote the development and use of generic skills to enhance a student’s general employability prospects.
  The module will build these skills through 4 cycles of activities:
  
  Cycle 1: Academic and Scientific Integrity
  Students will have opportunities to consider breaches of scientific and academic integrity such as plagiarism, fabrication, misconduct, scientific fraud and cheating.
  
  Cycle 2: Scientific Writing and Digital Skills
  Students will have opportunities to reflect on the characteristics of good scientific writing (clarity, simplicity, structure, impartiality, accuracy and objectivity) with an introduction to the forms of writing that are common amongst scientists including for example reports, research papers, dissertations and essays. The practical aspects of writing; using tools such as Pubmed, literature searching, referencing tools, structure, formatting etc will be reinforced.
  Students will also self-appraise their digital skills literacy, will discuss the need for digital skills literacy and the types of digital skills needed in the life sciences and they will have opportunities to demonstrate their acquisition of these skills.
  
  Cycle 3: Equality, Diversity & Inclusion
  To provide students with the skills necessary to understand more about their responsibilities for promoting equality, tackling all forms of discrimination and fostering good relationships between diverse groups of people both in university and in the workplace. This will include topics such as equality legislation, attitudes, respecting others, challenging inappropriate behaviour etc.
  
  Cycle 4: Planning for your future
  This cycle will introduce the conventions of CV writing, job applications and maintaining a professional social media presence.
  
  Students will develop a portfolio of evidence that demonstrates their acquisition of skills, competence and experiences, through self-reflection and self-evaluation.

  Learning Outcomes

  Upon completion of this module the successful student will be able to;
  • Define integrity within a scientific context and give examples when it may be breached and discuss the potential consequences.
  • Communicate ideas effectively in writing.
  • Actively participate in discussions and apply oral communication skills.
  • Search databases and online resources for information and use a conventional referencing system to build a bibliography.
  • Demonstrate proficiency in digital skills.
  • Define equality, diversity and inclusion, and outline the legislation that governs these principles.
  • Examine and challenge personally held beliefs around equality, diversity and Inclusion.
  • Complete a job application form/CV and understand the need to tailor these to specific job specifications or further study entry criteria.
  • Create and maintain an appropriate social media presence.
  • Discuss the need for self-reflection, and how this contributes to personal and professional development.
  • Evaluate one’s own performance and working standards.
  • Actively participate in groups but be capable of independent work.
  • Manage time effectively.

  Skills

  1. Use of information technology
  2. Self-reflection and self-appraisal
  3. Goal setting and future planning
  4. Time management and prioritisation of tasks
  5. Oral and written communication
  Attitude:
  1. Assume responsibility for own learning and working standards
  2. Develop an inquisitive and critical attitude to the material taught and the willingness to communicate ideas

  Coursework

  100%

  Examination

  0%

  Practical

  0%

  Stage/Level

  1

  Credits

  0

  Module Code

  BMS1105

  Teaching Period

  Full Year

  Duration

  24 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  No

  Core/Optional

  Core

  Molecular Basis of Life (40 credits)

  ×

  Molecular Basis of Life

  Overview

  Molecular Basis of Life is a Stage 1 40 CAT module that runs throughout the academic year (semester 1 and semester 2). The module provides a comprehensive introduction to the molecular basis of life from the molecular level through to cells, tissues and whole organisms. This module broadly covers biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics in the context of life of earth. The course begins with an introduction to the chemical context of life (elements, compounds, molecules, atoms, bonding and thermodynamics) and biomolecules (amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids), to include the molecular and biochemical processes which underpin life on earth (DNA replication, RNA transcription and translation, genetic code and mutation, protein biochemistry, enzyme kinetics, glucose metabolism, metabolism control, and photosynthesis). Students are introduced to basic cell structure and communication to facilitate exploration of life at all levels and in different environmental conditions, and allow understanding of the evolutionary scales of biological systems. Students receive teaching on classical genetics (chromosome structure, cytogenetics, diploid inheritance, allelic and epistatic interactions, aneuploidy, polyploidy, cytoplasmic inheritance) and population genetics to understand of the importance of natural selection and evolutionary processes. This will be followed by the introduction of ‘omics technologies including bioinformatics, and practical methods in molecular and cellular biology including genetic engineering tools and biochemistry techniques. The applications of genetic engineering, biotechnology, and biochemical tools/assays will be explored in the form of case studies.

  Learning Outcomes

  On successful completion of this module students will be able to:
  
  LO1: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the chemistry of life and its application to biological sciences.
  LO2: Discuss the biochemical processes that govern life on earth.
  LO3: Describe and explain the structures, roles and activities of the major biological molecules, sub-cellular components and cell types.
  LO4: Demonstrate a knowledge and understanding of biodiversity and organismal biology.
  LO5: Demonstrate a knowledge and understanding of the molecular basis of genetics (classical, population) and its applications (genetic manipulation and ‘omics’ technologies).
  LO6: Develop problem solving skills and the ability to analyse data.
  LO7: Develop communication skills including report writing and oral presentations
  LO8: Develop an understanding of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), health and safety in the laboratory and ethical practice.
  LO9: Demonstrate competence in specific laboratory practical and manipulative skills
  LO10: Demonstrate the ability to work as part of a team and reflect on their role in the team.

  Skills

  Development of laboratory skills related to molecular biology, biochemistry and genetics as evidenced through Practical Skills Portfolio; Group project work; Report writing; Critical and logical analysis of data; Peer and self-assessment; Computational analyses of genome/transcriptome data

  Coursework

  40%

  Examination

  60%

  Practical

  0%

  Stage/Level

  1

  Credits

  40

  Module Code

  BIO1304

  Teaching Period

  Full Year

  Duration

  24 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  No

  Core/Optional

  Core

  The World of Microorganisms (40 credits)

  ×

  The World of Microorganisms

  Overview

  The World of Microorganisms (BIO1301): is a full year 40 CAT module that provides a practical and theoretical introduction to the biology of bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, protozoa and parasites. Students will gain an appreciation that diversity of life on earth is the result of evolution. Microbial cell morphology; structure and function of cell components. Growth, reproduction and enumeration of microorganisms. Aspects of microbial genetics. The effects of physical and chemical environments on microbial growth. The diversity of microorganisms and aspects of their pathogenicity in humans and animals. The role of microorganisms in food and health, their beneficial uses, and some aspects of microbial biotechnology as it relates to these areas.

  Learning Outcomes

  On successful completion of this module students will be able to:
  
  LO1: Describe and explain the basic structure of economically and medically important examples of bacteria, viruses, fungi, together with protozoan and metazoan parasites.
  LO2: Demonstrate an understanding organismal biology including the diversity of life and its evolution.
  LO3: Discuss the various interactions that such organisms may have with animals and plants.
  LO4: Describe and explain how microorganisms relate to production and use of food.
  LO5: Discuss how such organisms may contribute to the manifestation of disease.
  LO6: Demonstrate the biotechnological potential of such organisms for the benefit of humankind.
  LO7: Develop an understanding of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), health and safety in the laboratory and ethical practice.
  LO8: Develop problem solving skills.
  LO9: Develop communication skills including report writing and essay writing.
  LO10: Demonstrate competence in microbiology specific laboratory practical and manipulative skills.
  LO11: Demonstrate the ability to work as part of a team.

  Skills

  Development of laboratory skills related to microbiology, recording and appropriate analysis and presentation of scientific data. Problem solving. Team working. Effective assimilation of knowledge and written communication skills.

  Coursework

  30%

  Examination

  70%

  Practical

  0%

  Stage/Level

  1

  Credits

  40

  Module Code

  BIO1301

  Teaching Period

  Full Year

  Duration

  24 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  No

  Core/Optional

  Core

  Human Structure and Function (40 credits)

  ×

  Human Structure and Function

  Overview

  An introduction to the structure and function of cells, tissues and systems of the human body. Basic anatomical and physiological terminology. The microanatomy of the cell and the structure, function and classification of the basic tissues of the body including epithelium, connective, muscle and nerve; the structure and function of skin, blood, eye and ear; the structure and function of the organs and components of the major body systems including the cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, immune, alimentary and reproductive systems. The study of anatomy is augmented and supported by a range of practical classes where there are opportunities to examine prosected human cadaveric specimens, preserved potted human specimens and microscopic anatomy via virtual slides. Physiology practical classes encourage students to collect data about the functioning of their own bodies in various situations, learning to analyse and interpret that data and thereby providing further explanation behind many of the principles explained in theory and tutorial classes.

  Learning Outcomes

  On completion of the Human Structure and Function module the successful student should be able to:
  1. Describe the structure and function of the subcellular components of a typical cell, including that of the cell membrane.
  2. Use anatomical and physiological terminology correctly and in a professional context.
  3. Describe the structure and function of the basic tissues of the body including epithelium, connective, muscle and nerve and outline how organs are comprised of different proportions of these tissues.
  4. Describe the structure and function of the following systems;
  Cardiovascular
  Respiratory
  Lymphoreticular
  Nervous
  Endocrine
  Renal
  Alimentary
  Reproductive
  
  5. Describe how structure and function show close integration in the eye and the ear.
  6. Describe the structure of skin.
  7. Describe the structure of the formed elements of blood and give an account of its physiological parameters. Give an overview of the process of haemopoiesis.
  
  8. Demonstrate basic knowledge of early embryogenesis
  9. Using physiology data generate hypotheses and analyse data to reach an evidence based conclusion
  10. Demonstrate appropriate laboratory health and safety procedures
  11. Demonstrate strong observational skills with regards histological identification and the selection of relevant physiological data
  12. Evaluate and interpret scientific data appropriately
  13. Demonstrate an ability to explain scientific concepts in a concise and coherent manner

  Skills

  Observation and interpretation of anatomical and histological specimens. Competence in the use of laboratory instruments, ensuring accuracy and reliability. Interpersonal communication and team work. Collection, analysis and interpretation of experimental data. Demonstrate an ability to complete tasks and meet deadlines within set timeframes. Demonstrate the ability to work as a cohesive team in order to achieve set goals. Document and present data appropriately and in a variety of forms

  Coursework

  50%

  Examination

  50%

  Practical

  0%

  Stage/Level

  1

  Credits

  40

  Module Code

  BMS1104

  Teaching Period

  Full Year

  Duration

  24 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  No

  Core/Optional

  Core

• Year 2

  Core Modules

  Physiological Sciences (40 credits)

  ×

  Physiological Sciences

  Overview

  The module will provide knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Introductory and basic systems pharmacology; physiology of movement and sensation; physiology of pain, analgesia and use of local anaesthetics; the neural control of exercising muscle; physiological regulation of the vasculature and circulation; blood supply to special regions; cardiac output; mechanical and electrical events of the cardiac cycle; the cardiovascular system during exercise; static and dynamic lung mechanics; spirometry; gas transport and transfer; lung function and exercise; renal clearance; acid base regulation and disorders; the kidney’s role in exercise and drug excretion; applied physiology including exercise testing and training.

  Learning Outcomes

  On completion of the module the successful student should be able to:
  - describe and explain neural, cardiovascular, respiratory and renal system physiology and apply it to exercise and extreme environments
  - demonstrate and apply basic pharmacological knowledge to the neural, cardiovascular, respiratory and renal systems
  - apply knowledge to analyse and interpret experimental data
  - apply knowledge to analyse and interpret normal observations in health and abnormal observations in selected diseases of these systems.

  Skills

  - Analysis, interpretation and presentation of numerical data by statistical, graphical, numerical and logical analytical procedures
  - Data collection and recording of physiological measurements in humans
  - Appreciation of the importance of physiological measurements in disease
  - Problem-solving
  - Independent use of library facilities for literature review and assessment
  - Communication – verbal and written
  - Team work

  Coursework

  45%

  Examination

  55%

  Practical

  0%

  Stage/Level

  2

  Credits

  40

  Module Code

  BMS2108

  Teaching Period

  Full Year

  Duration

  24 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Core

  Professional Skills for Scientists 2 (0 credits)

  ×

  Professional Skills for Scientists 2

  Overview

  This module will build upon the experiences and activities that students have undertaken in Skills for Scientists 1.
  
  This module aims to:
  
  1. Develop in students the essential skills that they will require to be competent life scientists.
  
  2. Enhance the employability prospects of students.
  
  
  
  Cycle 1: Planning for your future 2 (continued from SFS 1)
  
  This cycle will build upon Skills for Scientists 1 activities now focusing more on labour market opportunities for science graduates, recruitment & selection criteria, writing a tailored CV and preparing for interviews.
  
  
  
  Cycle 2 Outreach and Public Engagement
  
  Students will explore the need to promote public awareness and understanding of science, stimulate interest in science, promote science education and its benefits, and encourage better understanding of the application of science in our everyday lives.
  
  This cycle will provide experience in science dissemination. Students will participate in a workshop that will demonstrate how science outreach can occur and they will then be asked to engage with some type of community outreach event (Science Festival, Open Days, School Visits, STEM, etc). Self-reflection on their experience will form the basis of facilitated discussions.
  
  
  
  Cycle 3: Initiative, Innovation & Creativity
  
  Students will discuss what these mean and why they are important.
  
  We will explore the differences between creativity and artistry, intrapreneurship and entrepreneurship. We will assess our own skills in relation to competence with initiative, innovation and creativity and discuss opportunities to develop these.
  
  
  
  Cycle 4: Research
  
  Students will appreciate why we carry out research, what are the components of a research project and what consideration must be taken into account such as ethics, funding sources etc.
  
  Students will work together to produce a research project proposal suitable for submission to the Science Shop or for their final year Honours Project.
  
  
  
  
  
  The portfolio
  
  Students will continue to build upon the portfolio they started in Skills for Scientists 1.
  
  They will continue to self -reflect and self-appraise, evidence their skills and experiences, and hence improve their employability prospects.

  Learning Outcomes

  Upon completion of this module students will be able to;
  
  Communicate ideas effectively, both orally and in writing for a specific target audience.
  
  Search databases and online resources for information, understand plagiarism and use a conventional referencing system to build a bibliography.
  
  Develop and enhance oral and written scientific communication skills via participation in tutorial discussions and completion of lay summaries and presentations.
  
  Appraise own skills and abilities. Set well-defined goals, monitor progress, and motivate self.
  
  Define equality, diversity and inclusion, and examine and challenge personal beliefs around this.
  
  Have an appreciation of the legislation around equality, diversity and inclusion.
  
  Understand self as part of larger community. Be accountable for actions and their impact on others.
  
  Manage time, work to deadlines and prioritise workloads.
  
  Actively participate in groups but be capable of independent work.
  
  Evaluate one’s own performance and working standards
  
  Find relevant information and use IT resources effectively.
  
  Interpret and evaluate quantitative terms and approaches used in the scientific literature
  
  Perform and interpret simple descriptive statistics and statistical tests
  
  Understand and apply the process of developing and testing hypotheses;
  
  Design a piece of original project work and write a research proposal.
  
  Recognise the moral and ethical issues of scientific investigations and appreciate the need for ethical standards and professional codes of conduct.

  Skills

  Problem solving and critical analysis of information
  
  Use of information technology for acquisition of study material from the WWW and remote data bases
  
  Team working
  
  Time management and prioritisation of tasks
  
  Oral and written communication
  
  Self-Reflection and self-appraisal
  
  
  Attitude:
  1. Assume responsibility for own learning and delivery of accurate information to others.
  2. Assume responsibility for contribution to team tasks.
  3. Develop an inquisitive and critical attitude to the material taught and the willingness to communicate ideas.

  Coursework

  100%

  Examination

  0%

  Practical

  0%

  Stage/Level

  2

  Credits

  0

  Module Code

  BMS2102

  Teaching Period

  Full Year

  Duration

  24 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Core

  Scientific Methods/Statistics (20 credits)

  ×

  Scientific Methods/Statistics

  Overview

  The course has two main strands: the application of statistics to medical research and the methodology of how to undertake scientific research. The statistics component provides students with an introduction to basic statistical principles/methods and experience in presenting, analysing and interpreting data. The scientific methods component will equip students with a working knowledge of the scientific method. Practical use of the scientific method will be developed in sessions focussed on experimental design, reading the scientific literature, peer-review and scientific writing. There will also be an introduction to the types of experimental models currently used in the Biomedical Sciences.

  Learning Outcomes

  On completion of the module the successful student should be able to:
  1. Formulate research questions in testable statistical hypotheses
  2. Select and apply appropriate statistical methods for summarising data and for testing statistical hypotheses
  3. Perform statistical analyses using appropriate software and interpret the output
  4. Define the limitations of basic statistical methods
  5. Define and explain the different stages of the Scientific Method and the role of inductive and deductive reasoning in its execution
  6. Define the major obstacles encountered in study design in the Biomedical Sciences and explain the use of experimental controls in overcoming such problems
  7. Design a controlled experiment to test a model hypothesis
  8. Describe the uses and limitations of the different types of experimental models in current Biomedical Research (in vitro, ex vivo & in vivo)
  9. Define and explain the 3R-Principle in the ethical use of experimental animals
  10. Explain the role of non-hypothesis-driven research and the strategic use of gene expression profiling to inform conventional experimental approaches
  11. Describe the process of Peer-Review in the scientific community and apply the Scientific Method in the critical review of published research papers
  12. Describe the essential elements in writing a research grant and a paper for submission to a scientific journal
  13. Define and describe the use of bioinformatics

  Skills

  Select and apply appropriate statistical methods for summarising data and for testing statistical hypotheses. Numeracy and Data Handling.
  To design an experiment
  To problem-solve and critically analyse information and data
  Practical use of bibliographic software (Refworks)

  Coursework

  50%

  Examination

  50%

  Practical

  0%

  Stage/Level

  2

  Credits

  20

  Module Code

  BMS2014

  Teaching Period

  Autumn

  Duration

  12 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Core

  Anatomical Sciences (40 credits)

  ×

  Anatomical Sciences

  Overview

  The theory and practice underlying the processing of specimens for examination by different types of microscopy including light, electron, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. A study of the theory underlying how many of these microanatomical imaging techniques work and when they are best used. Group presentations (classes) by students to their peers on the detailed histological structure of an organ selected from the cardiovascular, respiratory, alimentary, renal, reproductive or lymphoreticular systems.
  An Introduction to the study of gross anatomy starting with the basic terminology relating to anatomical planes, anatomical positions and anatomical directions. Study of the gross anatomy of the head, neck, thorax, abdomen and limbs, including an overview of the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal and musculoskeletal systems, through the use of osteological and prosected human specimens and by dissection (specimens permitting). The module will also incorporate medical imaging and will involve the integration of a range of imaging modalities into practical classes using advanced interactive technologies.

  Learning Outcomes

  By the end of the module, the successful student should be able to:
  1. Demonstrate the use of anatomical terminology relating to position, direction and movement.
  2. Identify and describe the features of the bones of the limbs, vertebrae, skull and thorax.
  3. Identify and describe the major muscle groups of the limbs in relation to joints and their movement.
  4. Identify the main anatomical features of the head and neck (excluding the brain).
  5. Identify and describe the anatomical features of the thoracic wall, the mediastinum and identify and describe the thoracic viscera.
  6. Identify and describe the anatomy of the antero-lateral and posterior abdominal wall, the abdominal viscera and the retroperitoneal structures and organs.
  7. Identify the innervation and vasculature of the anatomical areas listed.
  8. Describe and compare the working of different types of microscope.
  9. Outline the principles of specimen processing for microscopical examination, giving examples.
  10. Describe in detail, examples of organs from the cardiovascular, respiratory, alimentary, renal, reproductive or lymphoreticular systems.
  11. Prepare a teaching session on an organ from the systems listed above for the benefit of others in the class.

  Skills

  Practical skills, group working, communication skills, observation, analysis and interpretation skills.

  Coursework

  20%

  Examination

  40%

  Practical

  40%

  Stage/Level

  2

  Credits

  40

  Module Code

  BMS2101

  Teaching Period

  Full Year

  Duration

  24 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Core

  Optional Modules

  Molecular Cell Biology (20 credits)

  ×

  Molecular Cell Biology

  Overview

  This module aims to provide students with a substantial understanding of the molecular basis of cell structure and function, including practical experience of handling and observing living mammalian cells. The module content covers fundamental issues such as plasma membrane structure and function, cellular compartmentalisation, mechanisms for protein and membrane-based transport between endomembrane compartments, organelle-specific functions, the cytoskeleton and cell junctions. Cell signalling mechanisms and the processes of information flow between the plasma membrane and the nucleus are covered in some detail and will provide students with the knowledge base to understand intracellular control mechanisms and the bulk of the literature published in current medical research.

  Learning Outcomes

  By the end of this module the successful student will be able to:
  • Classify the major intracellular compartments of eukaryotic cells, recognise topological equivalence between compartments and explain the mechanisms involved in the transport of biological molecules between them.
  • Relate cellular morphology and ultrastructure to differentiated function and gene expression.
  • Describe the major steps in the Biosecretory, Endocytic and Membrane Retrieval Pathways and explain the transport mechanisms involved throughout these pathways.
  • Discuss the functions of the lysosomal system and it’s relationships with the Biosecretory and Endocytic pathways.
  • Classify the elements of the cytoskeleton and explain their structural and dynamic functions in collaboration with associated motor proteins.
  • Differentiate the roles of major cell organelles.
  • Discuss the relationship between cells and their extracellular matrix.
  • Explain the principles of intercellular and intracellular communication.
  • Recognise the importance of post-translational modification in protein function, intracellular cell communication and maintenance of protein integrity.
  • Differentiate the major molecular mechanisms for the control of proliferation, survival and death in cells.
  • Discuss oxidative stress in cells and cellular defence strategies.
  • Outline the major experimental strategies employed in cell-based research.

  Skills

  • Searching scientific and literature databases.
  • Critical reading of original scientific literature.
  • Essay writing.
  • Practical laboratory skills in animal cell handling and culture, phase-contrast biomicroscopy, immunofluorescent staining, confocal scanning laser microscopy

  Coursework

  75%

  Examination

  25%

  Practical

  0%

  Stage/Level

  2

  Credits

  20

  Module Code

  BMS2015

  Teaching Period

  Spring

  Duration

  12 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Optional

  Public Health Sciences (20 credits)

  ×

  Public Health Sciences

  Overview

  This module aims to equip students with skills to work with healthcare data, grounded in theory of appropriate study designs. It will draw on expertise in public health sciences, epidemiology and bioinformatics, as well as governance procedures required to access existing data or to design new data collection. This module will help students to understand the importance of the appropriate interpretation and use of healthcare data in Biology, Biomedical Sciences and Medicine.

  Learning Outcomes

  By the end of the module, the successful student should be able to:
  1. Define basic epidemiological concepts including measures of disease frequency, measures of association.
  2. Discuss methods of collection and sources of healthcare data including disease registers.
  3. Demonstrate understanding and appropriate interpretation of descriptive and analytic epidemiological study findings, randomised trials, and systematic reviews.
  4. Define concepts such as confounding, effect modification and bias.
  5. Demonstrate critical assessment and appropriate interpretation of published health evidence.
  6. Design a novel healthcare data study.

  Skills

  Review and critical analysis of scientific papers and data; Interpretation of data; project/study design; oral presentation; written communication.

  Coursework

  80%

  Examination

  0%

  Practical

  20%

  Stage/Level

  2

  Credits

  20

  Module Code

  BMS2109

  Teaching Period

  Spring

  Duration

  12 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Optional

  Human Evolution (20 credits)

  ×

  Human Evolution

  Overview

  This module will provide students with knowledge and understanding of the comparative anatomy between modern humans and our closest living relatives (the great apes). They will gain an understanding of how our current anatomy evolved since the split with the last human / chimpanzee common ancestor by considering the fossil evidence for extinct hominid species from the genera Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Homo. Particular emphasis will be given to the evolution of the limbs, pelvis, thoracic cage, cranium, brain and dentition. The genetic evidence for human evolution will also be explored. Where possible the medical significance of human evolution will be explored. Scientific writing and critical review of the scientific literature represents a major element of the module and students will apply the principles learned to reviews of current developments in our understanding of how modern humans evolved.

  Learning Outcomes

  On completion of this module the successful student will be able to:
  • Critically evaluate current scientific literature in the field of comparative anatomy and human palaeontology.
  • Discuss the genetic evidence for human evolution
  • Discuss the functional significance in the anatomical variation between great apes and humans.
  • Discuss the development of bipedalism and brain expansion
  • Discuss the role of disease as a driver of human evolution
  • Discuss how common medical conditions relate to the unique human anatomical form.

  Skills

  On completion of this module successful students will have developed further the following skills:
  
  • Observation skills
  • Management and timekeeping skills
  • Oral and written scientific communication skills
  • Skills of reasoning and analysis
  • Team working skills
  • Critical, analytical and creative thinking
  • General IT skills
  • Online literature searching

  Coursework

  100%

  Examination

  0%

  Practical

  0%

  Stage/Level

  2

  Credits

  20

  Module Code

  BMS2105

  Teaching Period

  Spring

  Duration

  12 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Optional

  Human Physiological Measurement (20 credits)

  ×

  Human Physiological Measurement

  Overview

  This course covers the principles of bioinstrumentation and electrophysiological measurement. Specific study topics include revision of normal physiology and common pathologies of major body systems such as cardiovascular, respiratory, neural, muscular and metabolic systems. The module will examine the methods currently used in clinical and research settings to measure physiological changes to these major body systems.

  Learning Outcomes

  By the end of the module, the successful student should be able to:
  1. List and evaluate the health and research reasons for undertaking measurements of human physiology.
  2. Describe examples of methods of human physiological measurement across different body systems and in health and disease.
  3. Apply evidence-based principles to interpret physiological measurements.
  4. Demonstrate how scientific literature can be used to support, refute or explain measurements made of human physiological parameters.

  Skills

  - Independent use of library facilities for literature review and assessment
  - Practical skills of collecting physiological measurements from human subjects
  - Analysis, interpretation and presentation of numerical data.
  - Team work

  Coursework

  70%

  Examination

  30%

  Practical

  0%

  Stage/Level

  2

  Credits

  20

  Module Code

  BMS2028

  Teaching Period

  Spring

  Duration

  12 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Optional

• Year 3

  Core Modules

  Research Project (40 credits)

  ×

  Research Project

  Overview

  This module provides students with the opportunity to undertake a substantial piece of project work that will provide an introduction to scientific research, further develop their capacity for independent, analytical and critical thought and improve their application of technical/transferable skills. In the first semester students will interpret and analyse the scientific literature around a specific question of relevance to biomedical or human biology research. They will produce a mini- review that provides a distillation of the science surrounding the scientific field they will be conducting research in. Students will then carry out a short, closely defined laboratory based project or analysis of data that is directly linked or closely related to the scientific question posed in semester one. At its conclusion they will produce a final report in the form of a dissertation in journal article format and give a presentation to a panel of subject experts.

  Learning Outcomes

  On completion of the module, the successful student should be able to:
  1. Demonstrate competence in estimation of the resources required to undertake a project (e.g. material, financial, time, personal).
  2. Formulate clear action plans to deal with the work in an efficient manner.
  3. Demonstrate safe working practices in the laboratory and be aware of their responsibilities with regard to their own health and safety and that of other users of the laboratory, as appropriate to their project.
  4. Demonstrate effective time-management skills, including punctuality in the meeting of deadlines (e.g. supervisory meetings, progress reports, written submissions etc.).
  5. Demonstrate an appreciation of the requirements, for obtaining accurate and valid scientific data through presentation of clear records in a well-kept laboratory/log notebook.
  6. Show a critical appreciation of the limits and significance of scientific findings as evidenced in their written submissions and oral presentation.
  7. Show initiative and independence and a positive commitment to seeing the project through to completion.
  8. Perform project-related technical skills in a competent manner if such skills are essential to successful completion of the project.
  9. Demonstrate the ability to think independently and solve problems.
  10. Demonstrate effective IT skills, including word-processing, retrieval of information from electronic databases and where appropriate, data analysis and statistics.
  11. Produce written submissions which are written in a clear, coherent and accurate manner and which provide evidence of a critical and analytical approach to their work and that of others.
  12. Demonstrate effective oral communication skills and mastery of their project by presenting a verbal summary of their work to an audience of subject experts.

  Skills

  On completion of this course successful students will have gained or increased competence in:
  1. Practical laboratory skills (as appropriate to the project)
  2. Data–base interrogation
  3. Data management skills
  4. Critical analysis of the scientific literature and data obtained in the project
  5. Use of bibliographical software
  6. Statistical analysis (if necessary in project)
  7. Oral & Written communication
  8. General IT skills
  9. Time management skills

  Coursework

  80%

  Examination

  0%

  Practical

  20%

  Stage/Level

  3

  Credits

  40

  Module Code

  BMS3112

  Teaching Period

  Full Year

  Duration

  24 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Core

  Optional Modules

  Principles of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (40 credits)

  ×

  Principles of Pharmacology & Therapeutics

  Overview

  This module explores the fundamental principles of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicology. Emphasis is placed on the application of such principles to the steps involved in the development of new drugs, with particular reference to novel therapies for the treatment of selected diseases of the gastrointestinal system, and to evaluation of the efficacy and safety of prescription medicines and herbal remedies. The module addresses drug handling by the human body and the various molecular targets at which chemical mediators and drugs act, examining the principles governing drug disposition and action. Guidelines for prescribing in selected patient subpopulations are discussed including children, elderly, pregnancy, hepatic and renal disease, and the influence of pharmacogenomic variation. The classification of adverse drug reactions and drug interactions is explained, and the management of drug poisoning discussed.

  Learning Outcomes

  On completion of the module the successful student will be able to:
  
  1) Contrast the diversity of molecular targets with which chemical mediators and drugs interact;
  2) Discuss the central role of the receptor as the site of action of many drugs and endogenous chemical mediators;
  3) Explain the fundamental differences between the four main classes (superfamilies) of receptor protein in regard to molecular structure and receptor-effector coupling mechanism;
  4) Describe signal transduction through G-proteins, ion channels, second messengers and kinases with emphasis on specificity and diversity within cell signalling offering opportunity for selective intervention;
  5) Analyse, represent graphically, and interpret drug concentration-response data;
  6) Describe the processes involved in the development of a new drug by the pharmaceutical industry from target discovery through to post marketing activities;
  7) Describe drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, graphically represent and interpret pharmacokinetic data;
  8) Discuss guidelines for prescribing in special patient populations including children, elderly, pregnant women and those with hepatic or renal impairment;
  9) Classify adverse drug reactions and drug interactions, providing relevant examples;
  10) Describe strategies for the treatment of poisoning with particular reference to paracetamol overdose;
  11) Evaluate current knowledge concerning the mechanisms of action, potential therapeutic applications and possible adverse effects of herbal medicines;
  12) Describe the pathophysiology of diseases of the gastrointestinal system and evaluate novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of diseases such as constipation and diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, peptic ulcer, emesis.

  Skills

  Critical appraisal of published clinical trials; problem-solving and graphical representation of data; working independently and in groups, oral and written presentation skills.

  Coursework

  20%

  Examination

  50%

  Practical

  30%

  Stage/Level

  3

  Credits

  40

  Module Code

  BMS3106

  Teaching Period

  Full Year

  Duration

  24 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Optional

  Cardiovascular Pathobiology & Treatment (40 credits)

  ×

  Cardiovascular Pathobiology & Treatment

  Overview

  This course addresses cardiovascular biology and pathology and the evaluation of established and emerging therapies.
  The biology of important mediators and modulators of cardiovascular function will first be explored. The pathobiology and treatment of, dyslipidaemia, systemic hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, thromboembolism, myocardial ischaemia, systolic heart failure and atrial fibrillation will be discussed. The clinical pharmacology of drugs targeting the sympathetic nervous system, renin angiotensin aldosterone system, calcium channel modulators, diuretics, nitrates, statins and fibrates, anti-coagulant and anti-platelet agents will be described and evidence supporting their clinical use evaluated. Vasculogenic and angiogenic mechanisms of vascular development will also be described such as hypoxia inducible factor and VEGF signalling axes. The role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in promoting vascular repair in adulthood will be discussed. Possible uses of EPCs and induced pluripotent stem cells in therapeutic angiogenesis as a treatment modality following ischaemic disease insults will also be explored.

  Learning Outcomes

  On completion of the module the successful student will be able to:
  
  1. Describe the biology of cardiovascular mediators.
  2. Discuss the pathobiology underpinning cardiovascular diseases including: systemic hypertension; dyslipidaemia; thromboembolism; stable angina and acute coronary syndromes; atrial fibrillation; systolic heart failure.
  3. Critically evaluate clinical trials investigating the optimum therapeutic management of such conditions.
  4. Describe the mechanism of action, clinical use and adverse effects of the following drug classes: beta blockers; alpha blockers; calcium channel modulators; ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers; nitrates; diuretics; anti-coagulants; anti-platelet drugs; lipid-regulating drugs.
  5. Apply knowledge of current treatment guidelines and clinical pharmacology of relevant drug classes to decide on appropriate management.
  6. Compare the major features of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in development.
  7. Compare hypoxia and inflammation as the major biological drivers of angiogenesis and summarise the signalling mechanisms involved.
  8. Discuss oxygen sensing and VEGF signalling at the molecular level and their relationship to the control of angiogenesis in vascular and avascular tissues such as retina and cornea.
  9. Discuss the physiological and pathophysiological roles of nitric oxide in the microvasculature.
  10. Compare and contrast the 3 major neovascular diseases of the retina.
  11. Discuss the sources of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and their roles in vascular development and repair in adulthood.
  12. Discuss the biology of induced pluripotent stem cells and their potential for phenotyping and treating disease.
  13. Discuss angiogenesis in solid tumours in relation to stages in tumour development and the unique metabolism of cancer cells.
  14. Summarise current strategies for anti-angiogenic treatment of cancer and neovascular disease and therapeutic angiogenesis following tissue ischaemia.

  Skills

  Critical appraisal of published scientific literature and clinical trials; problem-solving and application of treatment guidelines and drug formularies to clinical scenarios; working independently and in groups, oral and written presentation skills.

  Coursework

  20%

  Examination

  50%

  Practical

  30%

  Stage/Level

  3

  Credits

  40

  Module Code

  BMS3107

  Teaching Period

  Full Year

  Duration

  24 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Optional

  Exercise, Sports Science and Medicine (40 credits)

  ×

  Exercise, Sports Science and Medicine

  Overview

  Molecular, cellular, genetic, epigenetic, pathological and societal aspects of exercise in the context of integrated physiological responses.

  Learning Outcomes

  On completion of the module, students should be able to:
  1. observe and interpret physiological measurements in exercise.
  2. discuss genetic and epigenetic factors in exercise tolerance
  3. understand the cellular mechanisms of heart rate regulation
  4. understand the adaptation of cardiac myocytes to habitual exercise
  5. comment on the importance of the anaerobic threshold
  6. discuss our current understanding of mechanisms underlying vascular control in exercise
  7. understand the respiratory responses to exercise
  8. recognise the pathology of exercise limitation
  9. apply the principles of exercise responses to the diagnosis of disease
  10. apply the principles of exercise responses to the promotion of health of the public.

  Skills

  Retrieval and critical evaluation of relevant published research.
  Principles of fundamental medical research measurements.
  Analysis and interpretation of quantitative and qualitative data.
  Creation of written and oral reports.
  Development of thinking in higher cognitive domains.

  Coursework

  20%

  Examination

  0%

  Practical

  80%

  Stage/Level

  3

  Credits

  40

  Module Code

  BMS3103

  Teaching Period

  Full Year

  Duration

  24 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Optional

  Embryology & Developmental Biology (40 credits)

  ×

  Embryology & Developmental Biology

  Overview

  Course contents
  This course exploits the knowledge-base of embryology and developmental biology to provide students with concepts and mechanistic understanding of how the human body develops. This module covers the clinically relevant embryology and development of selected organs and organ systems. It will feature:
  
  Reproductive Biology and Early Embryogenesis
  • Gamete production and fertility leading to generation of the zygote
  • Key stages in embryonic and foetal development, including fertilization, blastula formation, gastrulation, and implantation
  • In vitro fertilisation and other assisted reproductive techniques
  
  Fundamental Developmental Biology
  • Stem cell biology and how it may be exploited for regenerative medicine.
  • Concepts of cell fate determination and pattern formation mediated by a limited repertoire of diffusible and contact-mediated morphogens
  • Epigenetic basis of cellular differentiation; regulation of cell and tissue-specific differences attributable to differential gene silencing or enhancement.
  
  Systems Development
  • Development of key organ systems such as the cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, reproductive and musculoskeletal systems
  • Formation of key tissues and structures such as the limbs, craniofacial features and vasculature.
  • How development can be disrupted with focus on genetic and environmental (teratogen) disruptors

  Learning Outcomes

  On completion of this module successful students will be able to:
  1. Discuss the characteristics of stem cells and their role in development and how these cells may be generated and used for novel therapeutic approaches to regenerative medicine.
  2. Describe the molecular regulation of developmental biology; namely epigenetic control of cell fate and the role of HOX genes in body patterning.
  3. Demonstrate detailed knowledge of early embryogenesis.
  4. Evaluate the critical processes in the development organ and tissue systems within the embryo and provide examples of clinical problems that may arise as a result of abnormal development.
  5. Describe and compare the processes by which the male and female reproductive systems produce gametes for fertilisation
  6. Summarise genetic and teratogenic causes of embryonic/fetal disorders and evaluate the developmental periods most susceptible to disruption
  7. Compare modern clinical applications of embryology with relation to assisted reproductive technology, with understanding of fertility and when these techniques would be appropriate.

  Skills

  On completion of this module successful students will have developed further the following skills:
  • Observation skills
  • Management and timekeeping skills
  • Oral and written scientific communication skills
  • Skills of reasoning and analysis
  • Team working skills
  • Critical, analytical and creative thinking
  • General IT skills
  • Online literature searching

  Coursework

  60%

  Examination

  40%

  Practical

  0%

  Stage/Level

  3

  Credits

  40

  Module Code

  BMS3105

  Teaching Period

  Full Year

  Duration

  24 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Optional

  Advanced Neurosciences (40 credits)

  ×

  Advanced Neurosciences

  Overview

  This is an advanced course divided into several main themes: a study of the detailed human neuroanatomy of the brain and associated nerves particularly in relation to disease; connections between parts of the brain - brain circuits; neurodegenerative and neuroimmunological disorders; regeneration of the nervous system after injury; the neuroscience of vision; the neuroscience of pain.

  Learning Outcomes

  By the end of the module, the successful student should be able to:
  1. Describe the general neuroanatomy and detailed sub-architecture of the human nervous system including the cortical and subcortical structures, connections between parts of the brain, the main techniques to follow axonal pathways and discuss the structure, function and dysfunction of the motor and sensory systems.
  2. Discuss and analyse how the nervous system processes and interprets sensory information with special reference to the visual and the pain systems.
  3. Discuss the cellular and biochemical basis of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, motor neurone disease, prion and Alzheimer’s disease and appraise the recent scientific literature about their possible causes.
  4. Compare the regenerative capacity of the central nervous system with that of the peripheral nervous system; evaluate the current scientific approaches into the investigation of CNS regeneration.
  5. Collate the microanatomical, pathophysiological and therapeutic information which impacts on the functioning of the blood brain barrier.
  6. Differentiate between peripheral and central myelin and discuss the cellular and biochemical mechanisms of demyelinating disease (both naturally occurring and experimentally produced).
  7. Critically assess experimental data on areas in neuroscience and present this in the form of an oral presentation and writing.

  Skills

  Oral and written communication, time management, analysis and interpretation of data, critical thinking and an ability to professionally evaluate current research and advanced scholarship in key areas of neuroscience.

  Coursework

  15%

  Examination

  75%

  Practical

  10%

  Stage/Level

  3

  Credits

  40

  Module Code

  BMS3102

  Teaching Period

  Full Year

  Duration

  24 weeks

  Pre-requisite

  Yes

  Core/Optional

  Optional